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| Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Transplantation in Myocardial Disease.
April 17, 2010 at 8:30 AM
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| | Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Transplantation in Myocardial Disease. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2010 Feb 3;3(2):106-112 Authors: Chung J, Yang PC Stem cell therapy has been heralded as a novel therapeutic option for cardiovascular disease. In vivo molecular imaging has emerged as an indispensible tool in investigating stem cell biology post-transplantation into the myocardium and in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the features of each molecular imaging modality and discusses how these modalities have been applied to evaluate stem cell therapy. PMID: 20396619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Current Perspectives on Imaging Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy.
April 17, 2010 at 8:30 AM
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| | Current Perspectives on Imaging Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy. J Nucl Med. 2010 Apr 15; Authors: Wu JC, Abraham MR, Kraitchman DL Molecular imaging is a new discipline that makes possible the noninvasive visualization of cellular and molecular processes in living subjects. In the field of cardiovascular regenerative therapy, imaging cell fate after transplantation is a high priority in both basic research and clinical translation. For cell-based therapy to truly succeed, we must be able to track the locations of delivered cells, the duration of cell survival, and any potential adverse effects. The insights gathered from basic research imaging studies will yield valuable insights into better designs for clinical trials. This review highlights the different types of stem cells used for cardiovascular repair, the development of various imaging modalities to track their fate in vivo, and the challenges of clinical translation of cardiac stem cell imaging in the future. PMID: 20395348 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Challenges in the Translation of Cardiovascular Cell Therapy.
April 17, 2010 at 8:30 AM
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| | Challenges in the Translation of Cardiovascular Cell Therapy. J Nucl Med. 2010 Apr 15; Authors: Gupta R, Losordo DW Ischemic cardiovascular diseases cause a significant burden of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Over the past decade, we have learned a tremendous amount about the biology of various stem and progenitor cells. Multiple preclinical experiments have demonstrated significant bioactivity in a wide variety of stem and progenitor cells. Early clinical trials have also shown some promising results. This review will focus on the current challenges in the translation of cell therapy to a viable clinical therapy. Additionally, we will highlight the role of cardiovascular imaging and molecular imaging in the future of stem cell therapy. PMID: 20395342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Pathophysiology of Myocardial Injury and Remodeling: Implications for Molecular Imaging.
April 17, 2010 at 8:30 AM
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| | Pathophysiology of Myocardial Injury and Remodeling: Implications for Molecular Imaging. J Nucl Med. 2010 Apr 15; Authors: Dixon JA, Spinale FG Despite advances in reperfusion therapy, acute coronary syndromes can still result in myocardial injury and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI). Molecular, cellular, and interstitial events antecedent to the acute MI culminate in deleterious changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle (LV), collectively termed LV remodeling. Three distinct anatomic and physiologic LV regions can be described after MI: the infarct, border zone, and remote regions. Given the complexity of post-MI remodeling, imaging modalities must be equally diverse to elucidate this process. The focus of this review will first be on cardiovascular MRI of the anatomic and pathophysiologic LV regions of greatest interest with regard to the natural history of the post-MI remodeling process. This review will then examine imaging modalities that provide translational and molecular insight into burgeoning treatment fields for the attenuation of post-MI remodeling, such as cardiac re! straint devices and stem cell therapy. PMID: 20395340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Distinct Stem Cells Subpopulations Isolated from Human Adipose Tissue Exhibit Different Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential.
April 17, 2010 at 6:52 AM
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| | Distinct Stem Cells Subpopulations Isolated from Human Adipose Tissue Exhibit Different Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential. Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Apr 16; Authors: Rada T, Reis RL, Gomes ME Recently adipose tissue has become a research topic also for the searching for an alternative stem cells source to use in cell based therapies such as tissue engineer. In fact Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) exhibit an important differentiation potential for several cell lineages such as chondrogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial cells. ASCs populations isolated using standard methodologies (i.e., based on their adherence ability) are very heterogeneous but very few studies have analysed this aspect. Consequently, several questions are still pending, as for example, on what regard the existence/ or not of distinct ASCs subpopulations. The present study is originally aimed at isolating selected ASCs subpopulations, and to analyse their behaviour towards the heterogeneous population regarding the expression of stem cell markers and also regarding their osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Human Adipose derived Stem Cells (hASCs) subpo! pulations were isolated using immunomagnetic beads coated with several different antibodies (CD29, CD44, CD49d, CD73, CD90, CD 105, Stro-1 and p75) and were characterized by Real Time RT-PCR in order to assess the expression of mesenchymal stem cells markers (CD44, CD73, Stro-1, CD105 and CD90) as well as known markers of the chondrogenic (Sox 9, Collagen II) and osteogenic lineage (Osteopontin, Osteocalcin). The obtained results underline the complexity of the ASCs population demonstrating that it is composed of several subpopulations, which express different levels of ASCs markers and exhibit distinctive differentiation potentials. Furthermore, the results obtained clearly evidence of the advantages of using selected populations in cell-based therapies, such as bone and cartilage regenerative medicine approaches. PMID: 20396979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Engineering cardiac tissue in vivo from human adipose-derived stem cells.
April 17, 2010 at 6:52 AM
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| | Engineering cardiac tissue in vivo from human adipose-derived stem cells. Biomaterials. 2010 Mar;31(8):2236-42 Authors: Choi YS, Matsuda K, Dusting GJ, Morrison WA, Dilley RJ Cardiac tissue engineering offers promise as a surgical approach to cardiac repair, but requires an adequate source of cardiomyocytes. Here we evaluate the potential for generating human cardiac muscle cells in vivo from adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) by co-implanting in a vascularised tissue engineering chamber with inducing rat cardiomyocytes (rCM). Co-implantation (ASC-rCM) was compared with rCM or ASC controls alone after 6 weeks. Immunostaining using human nucleus specific antibody and cardiac markers revealed several fates for ASC in the chamber; (1) differentiation into cardiomyocytes and integration with co-implanted rCM; (2) differentiation into smooth muscle cells and recruitment into vascular structures; (3) adipogenic differentiation. ASC-rCM and ASC groups grew larger tissue constructs than rCM alone (212+/-25 microl, 171+/-16 microl vs. 137+/-15 microl). ASC-rCM and rCM groups contracted spontaneously at up to 140 bpm and generated a 10-15-fold lar! ger volume of cardiac muscle (14.5+/-4.8 microl and 18.5+/-2.6 microl) than ASC alone group (1.3+/-0.5 microl). Vascular volume in ASC-rCM group was twice that of the rCM group (28.7+/-5.0 microl vs. 14.8+/-1.8 microl). The cardiac tissue engineered by co-implanting human ASC with neonatal rCM showed in vivo plasticity of ASC and their cardiomyogenic potential in tissue engineering. ASC contribution to vascularisation also promoted the growth of engineered tissue, confirming their utility in this setting. PMID: 20031204 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Distinct Stem Cells Subpopulations Isolated from Human Adipose Tissue Exhibit Different Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential.
April 17, 2010 at 6:00 AM
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| | Distinct Stem Cells Subpopulations Isolated from Human Adipose Tissue Exhibit Different Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential. Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Apr 16; Authors: Rada T, Reis RL, Gomes ME Recently adipose tissue has become a research topic also for the searching for an alternative stem cells source to use in cell based therapies such as tissue engineer. In fact Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) exhibit an important differentiation potential for several cell lineages such as chondrogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial cells. ASCs populations isolated using standard methodologies (i.e., based on their adherence ability) are very heterogeneous but very few studies have analysed this aspect. Consequently, several questions are still pending, as for example, on what regard the existence/ or not of distinct ASCs subpopulations. The present study is originally aimed at isolating selected ASCs subpopulations, and to analyse their behaviour towards the heterogeneous population regarding the expression of stem cell markers and also regarding their osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Human Adipose derived Stem Cells (hASCs) subpo! pulations were isolated using immunomagnetic beads coated with several different antibodies (CD29, CD44, CD49d, CD73, CD90, CD 105, Stro-1 and p75) and were characterized by Real Time RT-PCR in order to assess the expression of mesenchymal stem cells markers (CD44, CD73, Stro-1, CD105 and CD90) as well as known markers of the chondrogenic (Sox 9, Collagen II) and osteogenic lineage (Osteopontin, Osteocalcin). The obtained results underline the complexity of the ASCs population demonstrating that it is composed of several subpopulations, which express different levels of ASCs markers and exhibit distinctive differentiation potentials. Furthermore, the results obtained clearly evidence of the advantages of using selected populations in cell-based therapies, such as bone and cartilage regenerative medicine approaches. PMID: 20396979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| A case of local advanced penile cancer treated with multimodality therapy.
April 17, 2010 at 6:00 AM
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| | A case of local advanced penile cancer treated with multimodality therapy. Int J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 16; Authors: Kato M, Soga N, Arima K, Sugimura Y A 61-year-old man presented to our institution complaining of a putrescent left inguinal ulcerated tumor. Our diagnosis was penile cancer with bilateral inguinal lymph node metastasis and clinical staging T4N3M0. Here we report a case of local advanced penile cancer experimentally treated with a multimodal approach. PMID: 20396925 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics.
April 17, 2010 at 6:00 AM
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| | Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2010 Apr;5(3):469-84 Authors: Geckil H, Xu F, Zhang X, Moon S, Demirci U Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex cellular environment consisting of proteins, proteoglycans, and other soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells and a regulatory milieu with a variety of important cell functions, including assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell communication. Developing a tailored in vitro cell culture environment that mimics the intricate and organized nanoscale meshwork of native ECM is desirable. Recent studies have shown the potential of hydrogels to mimic native ECM. Such an engineered native-like ECM is more likely to provide cells with rational cues for diagnostic and therapeutic studies. The research for novel biomaterials has led to an extension of the scope and techniques used to fabricate biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this article, we detail the progress of the current state-of-the-art engineeri! ng methods to create cell-encapsulating hydrogel tissue constructs as well as their applications in in vitro models in biomedicine. PMID: 20394538 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Off to El Salvador
April 16, 2010 at 11:04 PM
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| | The California Stem Cell Report, which has been quiet for the past week or so, will also be quiet until late next week. We leave tomorrow morning on a passage to El Salvador from Hualtuco in southern Mexico, roughly a four or five night sailing voyage. We will bring you all the California stem cell news that is fit to print after we drop anchor in Bahia del Sol and catch up on our sleep(sailing | | | | 
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