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| CIRM Reform Legislation Advances in Senate
April 22, 2010 at 6:41 PM
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| Despite industry opposition, legislation aimed at improving transparency and accountability at the $3 billion California stem cell agency easily cleared its first legislative hurdle this month.
The bill, also aimed at ensuring affordability of taxpayer-financed stem cell therapies, was sent to the state Senate Appropriations Committee on a 6-0 vote in the Senate Health Committee, which is | | |
| Biocompatibility of KLD-12 peptide hydrogel as a scaffold in tissue engineering of intervertebral discs in rabbits.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Biocompatibility of KLD-12 peptide hydrogel as a scaffold in tissue engineering of intervertebral discs in rabbits. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2010 Apr;30(2):173-7 Authors: Sun J, Zheng Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Wu W KLD-12 peptide with a sequence of AcN-KLDLKLDLKLDL-CNH(2) was synthesized and its biocompatibility was assessed in animals. Rabbit MSCs were cultured in the hydrogel for 2 weeks. Live cells were counted by using Calcein-AM/PI fluorescence staining. MTT was employed to assess the viability of MSCs cultured in KLD-12 peptide solution of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05%. Hemolysis test, skin irritation test and implantation test were conducted to evaluate its biocompatibility with host tissues. Our results demonstrated that the MSCs in hydrogel grew well and maintained round shape. Cell survival rate was 92.15% (mean: 92.15%+/-1.17%) at the 7th day and there was no difference in survival rate between day 7 and day 14. Cell proliferation test showed that the A value of the KLD-12 solutions was not significantly different from that of control groups (complete culture media) (P>0.05) at the 24th and 48th h. The hemolysis rate of KLD-12 solution was 0.112%. Skin irritation tes! t showed that the skin injected with KLD-12 solution remained normal and the score of skin irritation was 0. The histological examination with HE staining exhibited that the skin layers were clear and there was no infiltration with neutrophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes. It is concluded that KLD-12 peptide hydrogel had a good biocompatibility with host rabbit and MSCs, and KLD-12 peptide hydrogel can provide an appropriate microenvironment for MSCs. PMID: 20407868 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Proteomic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under shear stress.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Proteomic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under shear stress. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Apr 21; Authors: Yi W, Sun Y, Wei X, Gu C, Dong X, Kang X, Guo S, Dou K Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells for tissue engineering of blood vessels. As seed cells, MSCs must endure blood fluid shear stress after transplantation. It has been shown that fluid shear stress can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. However, the effects of fluid shear stress on MSCs including the types of proteins modulated are still not well understood. In this study, we exposed human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) to 3 dyn/cm(2) shear stress for 6 h and compared them to a control group using proteomic analysis. Thirteen specific proteins were affected by shear stress, 10 of which were up-regulated. Shear stress especially induced sustained increases in the expression of Annexin A2 and GAPDH, which have been specifically shown to affect HMSCs function. We present here the first comparative proteome analysis of effect of shear stress on HMSCs. PMID: 20407807 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Characterisation and testing of biomaterials.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Characterisation and testing of biomaterials. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010;152:231-46 Authors: Dendorfer S, Hammer J, Lenich A A proper knowledge of the mechanical and material properties of biomaterials is a necessity in all medical device technologies: from tissue engineering to prosthesis design. In many cases, the design of novel biomaterials is governed by the mechanical properties and their characterisation may become a crucial factor in determining the success of a product. This chapter discusses the basic concepts of the characterisation and testing of materials. Starting from the fundamental concepts of elastic, viscoelastic and plastic deformation, an introduction to experimental methods is given. The special limitations and requirements set by biomaterials are discussed. PMID: 20407198 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Bioreactors in tissue engineering.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Bioreactors in tissue engineering. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010;152:214-30 Authors: Plunkett N, O'Brien FJ A bioreactor can be defined as a device that uses mechanical means to influence biological processes. In tissue engineering bioreactors can be used to aid in the in vitro development of new tissue by providing biochemical and physical regulatory signals to cells and encouraging them to undergo differentiation and/or to produce extracellular matrix prior to in vivo implantation. This chapter discusses the necessity for bioreactors in tissue engineering, the numerous types of bioreactor that exist, the means by which they stimulate cells and how their functionality is governed by the requirements of the specific tissue being engineered and the cell type undergoing stimulation. PMID: 20407197 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Scaffolds & surfaces.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Scaffolds & surfaces. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2010;152:187-201 Authors: Partap S, Lyons F, O'Brien FJ As the field of regenerative medicine progresses, one of the key challenges is to try to mimic the structure and role of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) more accurately in synthetic substitutes. In particular, the field of biomaterials has played a crucial role in the development of tissue engineered products. Scaffold design is central in the field of biomaterials, and involves investigating and controlling important characteristics such as biocompatibility, degradability, pore architecture and mechanical properties. Undoubtedly, we will move closer towards reducing the number of patients awaiting donor tissues, as more advanced biomaterials continue to be developed in this field. This chapter discusses scaffold requirements for tissue engineering applications and the current state of the art with a specific focus on collagen-based scaffolds. PMID: 20407195 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Disruption of a Quorum Sensing mechanism triggers tumorigenesis: a simple discrete model corroborated by experiments in mammary cancer stem cells.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Disruption of a Quorum Sensing mechanism triggers tumorigenesis: a simple discrete model corroborated by experiments in mammary cancer stem cells. Biol Direct. 2010 Apr 20;5(1):20 Authors: Agur Z, Kogan Y, Levi L, Harrison H, Lamb R, Kirnasovsky OU, Clarke RB ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells is expected to be tightly controlled in order to maintain tissue homeostasis throughout life, also in the face of environmental hazards. Theory, predicting that homeostasis is maintained by a negative feedback on stem cell proliferation, implies a Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism in higher vertebrates. RESULTS: Application of this theory to a cellular automata model of stem cell development in disrupted environments shows a sharply dichotomous growth dynamics: maturation within 50-400 cell-cycles, or immortalization. This dichotomy is mainly driven by intercellular communication, low values of which cause perpetual proliferation. Another driving force is the cells' kinetic parameters. Reduced tissue life-span of differentiated cells results in uncontrolled proliferation. Model's analysis, showing that under the QS control, stem cell fraction within a steady state population is fi! xed, is corroborated by experiments in breast carcinoma cells. Experimental results show that the plating densities of CD44+ cells and of CD44+/24lo/ESA+ cells do not affect SC fraction near confluence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that stem cell immortalization may be triggered by reduced intercellular communication, rather than exclusively result from somatic evolution, and implies that stem cell proliferation can be attenuated by signal manipulation, or enhanced by cytotoxics targeted to differentiated cells. In vivo verification and identification of the QS mediating molecules will pave the way to a higher level control of stem cell proliferation in cancer and in tissue engineering. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Glenn Webb and Marek Kimmel. PMID: 20406437 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Considerations for tissue-engineered and regenerative medicine product development prior to clinical trials in the United States.
April 22, 2010 at 6:51 AM
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| | Considerations for tissue-engineered and regenerative medicine product development prior to clinical trials in the United States. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2010 Feb;16(1):41-54 Authors: Lee MH, Arcidiacono JA, Bilek AM, Wille JJ, Hamill CA, Wonnacott KM, Wells MA, Oh SS Tissue-engineered and regenerative medicine products are promising innovative therapies that can address unmet clinical needs. These products are often combinations of cells, scaffolds, and other factors and are complex in both structure and function. Their complexity introduces challenges for product developers to establish novel manufacturing and characterization techniques to ensure that these products are safe and effective prior to clinical trials in humans. Although there are only a few commercial products that are currently in the market, many more tissue-engineered and regenerative medicine products are under development. Therefore, it is the purpose of this article to help product developers in the early stages of product development by providing insight into the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) process and by highlighting some of the key scientific considerations that may be applicable to their products. We provide resources that are publically availab! le from the FDA and others that are of potential interest. As the provided information is general in content, product developers should contact the FDA for feedback regarding their specific products. Also described are ways through which product developers can informally and formally interact with the FDA early in the development process to help in the efficient progression of products toward clinical trials. PMID: 19728784 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| The Pleotrophic Effects of IGF-I on Human Spinal Cord Neural Progenitor Cells.
April 22, 2010 at 6:47 AM
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| | The Pleotrophic Effects of IGF-I on Human Spinal Cord Neural Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2010 Apr 20; Authors: Lunn JS, Pacut C, Backus C, Hong Y, Johe K, Hefferan M, Feldman EL, Marsala M Most stem cell therapies involve direct, intraparachymal placement of neural progenitor cells. These cells provide physical support to the endogenous neuronal population and may be engineered to provide in situ growth factor support. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has potent neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties and is expressed by human neural stem cells (hNSCs). IGF-I is implicated in multiple aspects of cell behavior including proliferation, differentiation and survival. Enhancing hNSC function through IGF-I over-expression may increase the benefits of stem cell therapy. As a first step to that goal, we examined the direct effects of IGF-I on hNSC behavior in vitro. We demonstrate that IGF-I treatment enhances both the number and length of hNSC neurites. This is correlated with a decrease in proliferation, suggesting that IGF-I promotes neurite outgrowth but not proliferation. While IGF-I activates both AKT and MAPK signaling in hNSCs, we demonstrat! e that IGF-I-mediated neurite outgrowth is dependent only on AKT signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that IGF-I is neuroprotective following glutamate exposure in a model of excitotoxic cell death. PMID: 20406098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | 
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