| Potential role of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a surrogate marker of late loosening in patients with total hip arthroplasty: A cohort study.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Potential role of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) as a surrogate marker of late loosening in patients with total hip arthroplasty: A cohort study. J Orthop Res. 2010 Jan 8; Authors: Savarino L, Avnet S, Greco M, Giunti A, Baldini N In a cohort study, the role of the active tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP 5b), a marker of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, for the assessment of loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA), was analyzed, as well as its correlation with osteolysis and multinucleated cell appearance in the retrievals. Eighty THA patients, who went consecutively to the orthopedic department, were asked to participate, and 54 accepted and were enrolled in the study. Finally, 46 subjects were analyzed, clinical-radiographic evaluation was considered the gold standard, serum TRACP 5b was blindly measured, and a cut-off was obtained, by performing a ROC Curve. Based on the gold standard, patients were split by 19 stable and 27 loosened subjects, and results were matched. TRACP 5b was significantly higher in loosened patients than in stable ones (p < 0.001). A good specificity (89.5%), positive predictive value (90.0%), and likelihood ratio (6.33) were calculated, that provided! strong evidence of loosening with TRACP 5b levels higher than the cut-off. Moreover, TRACP 5b and osteolysis (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.03) were found significantly correlated. TRACP 5b has been proven a reliable marker, specifically related to resorbing-multinucleated cells, to ascertain late loosening in THA, and could support standard procedures, if confirmed by performing prospective studies. (c) 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. PMID: 20063383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Transplantation.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Transplantation. Transplantation. 2010 Jan 7; Authors: Baiguera S, Birchall MA, Macchiarini P Regenerative medicine offers new tools with which to tackle disorders for which there is currently no good therapeutic option. The trachea is an ideal organ in which to explore the clinical potential of tissue engineering because severe large airway disease is poorly managed by conventional treatments, and the success of a graft is determined only by its ability to conduct air lifelong: that is, whether it can become a sustainable biological conduit. We define the component parts of tissue engineering and review the experimental methods used to produce airway implants to date, including a recent successful, first-in-man experience. PMID: 20061996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Therapeutic angiogenesis by autologous bone marrow cell implantation together with allogeneic cultured dermal substitute for intractable ulcers in critical limb ischaemia.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Therapeutic angiogenesis by autologous bone marrow cell implantation together with allogeneic cultured dermal substitute for intractable ulcers in critical limb ischaemia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 Jan 7; Authors: Mizuno H, Miyamoto M, Shimamoto M, Koike S, Hyakusoku H, Kuroyanagi Y Therapeutic angiogenesis by autologous bone marrow cell implantation improves blood supply in patients with critical limb ischaemia. In addition, allogeneic cultured dermal substitute is effective for intractable ulcers. The present study determined the effectiveness of bone marrow cell implantation combined with allogeneic cultured dermal substitute in treating severely ischaemic ulcers. We treated eight consecutive patients with severely ischaemic ulcers using this procedure. Stromal cells aspirated from bone marrow were processed to obtain suspensions of mononuclear cells, platelets and endothelial progenitor cells and immediately injected intramuscularly into the lower leg and around the wound, on which allogeneic cultured dermal substitute was applied and changed weekly. Skin ulcers were subsequently closed by skin grafting, if necessary. Angiogenesis was confirmed by postoperative analyses such as ankle-brachial pressure index, angiography, thermography and ! (99m)Technetium-Tetrofosmin perfusion scintigraphy. Above- or below-knee amputation was avoided in all patients and wounds were completely closed in six of them. These results indicate that this combined therapy effectively treated ischaemic ulcers. Since the incidence of this condition might increase in the future, this therapeutic approach should play an important role in the preservation of ischaemic limbs. PMID: 20060793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| On the biomechanical function of scaffolds for engineering load bearing soft tissues.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | On the biomechanical function of scaffolds for engineering load bearing soft tissues. Acta Biomater. 2010 Jan 6; Authors: Stella JA, D'Amore A, Wagner WR, Sacks MS Replacement or regeneration of load bearing soft tissues has long been the impetus for the development bioactive materials. While maturing, current efforts continue to be confounded by our lack of understanding of the intricate multi-scale hierarchical arrangements and interactions typically found in native tissues. The current state of the art in biomaterial processing enables a degree of controllable microstructure that can be used for the development of model systems to deduce fundamental biological implications of matrix morphologies on cell function. Furthermore, the development of computational frameworks which allow for the simulation of experimentally derived observations represents a positive departure from what has mostly been an empirically driven field, enabling a deeper understanding of the highly complex biological mechanisms we wish to ultimately emulate. Ongoing research is actively pursuing new materials and processing methods to control material ! structure down to the micro-scale to sustain or improve cell viability, guide tissue growth, and provide mechanical integrity all while exhibiting the capacity to degrade in a controlled manner. The purpose of this review is not to focus solely on material processing but to assess the ability of these techniques to produce mechanically sound tissue surrogates, highlight the unique structural characteristics produced in these materials, and discuss how this translates to distinct macroscopic biomechanical behaviors. PMID: 20060509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy identifies early lineage commitment in differentiating human embryonic stem cells.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy identifies early lineage commitment in differentiating human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res. 2009 Dec 2; Authors: Heraud P, Ng ES, Caine S, Yu QC, Hirst C, Mayberry R, Bruce A, Wood BR, McNaughton D, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG Human ESCs (hESCs) are a valuable tool for the study of early human development and represent a source of normal differentiated cells for pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications and ultimately for cell replacement therapies. For all applications, it will be necessary to develop assays to validate the efficacy of hESC differentiation. We explored the capacity for FTIR spectroscopy, a technique that rapidly characterises cellular macromolecular composition, to discriminate mesendoderm or ectoderm committed cells from undifferentiated hESCs. Distinct infrared spectroscopic "signatures" readily distinguished hESCs from these early differentiated progeny, with bioinformatic models able to correctly classify over 97% of spectra. These data identify a role for FTIR spectroscopy as a new modality to complement conventional analyses of hESCs and their derivatives. FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to provide low-cost, automatable measurements for the quality contro! l of stem and differentiated cells to be used in industry and regenerative medicine. PMID: 20060373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Analysis of Wnt pathway genes during ex vivo expansion and neutrophil differentiation of umbilical cord-blood derived CD34 cells.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Analysis of Wnt pathway genes during ex vivo expansion and neutrophil differentiation of umbilical cord-blood derived CD34 cells. Vox Sang. 2010 Jan 4; Authors: Gallagher RC, Tura-Ceide O, Turner M, Barclay R Previous work has shown that optimal ex vivo expansion and differentiation of CD34(+) progenitor cells into neutrophils is by addition of Flt3-L, SCF and G-CSF. Here we report that a variety of genes involved in the WNT pathway are transcriptionally active in both undifferentiated and differentiated umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells, however statistically significant changes in gene expression are not always consistent across UCB samples. PMID: 20059757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Emerging peptide nanomedicine to regenerate tissues and organs.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Emerging peptide nanomedicine to regenerate tissues and organs. J Intern Med. 2010 Jan;267(1):71-88 Authors: Webber MJ, Kessler JA, Stupp SI Peptide nanostructures containing bioactive signals offer exciting novel therapies of broad potential impact in regenerative medicine. These nanostructures can be designed through self-assembly strategies and supramolecular chemistry, and have the potential to combine bioactivity for multiple targets with biocompatibility. It is also possible to multiplex their functions by using them to deliver proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and cells. In this review, we illustrate progress made in this new field by our group and others using peptide-based nanotechnology. Specifically, we highlight the use of self-assembling peptide amphiphiles towards applications in the regeneration of the central nervous system, vasculature and hard tissue along with the transplant of islets and the controlled release of nitric oxide to prevent neointimal hyperplasia. Also, we discuss other self-assembling oligopeptide technology and the progress made with these materials towards the developme! nt of potential therapies. PMID: 20059645 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Cell sheet engineering: a unique nanotechnology for scaffold-free tissue reconstruction with clinical applications in regenerative medicine.
January 12, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Cell sheet engineering: a unique nanotechnology for scaffold-free tissue reconstruction with clinical applications in regenerative medicine. J Intern Med. 2010 Jan;267(1):54-70 Authors: Elloumi-Hannachi I, Yamato M, Okano T Cell sheet technology (CST) is based on the use of thermoresponsive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm). The surface of PIPAAms is formulated in such a way as to make its typical thickness <100 nm. In this review, we first focus on how the methods of PIPAAm-grafted surface preparations and functionalization are important to be able to harvest a functional cell sheet, to be further transplanted. Then, we present aspects of tissue mimics and three-dimensional reconstruction of a tissue in vitro. Finally, we give an overview of clinical applications and clinically relevant animal experimentations of the technology, such as cardiomyopathy, visual acuity, periodonty, oesophageal ulcerations and type 1 diabetes. PMID: 20059644 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| 30. Embryonic and adult stem cell therapy.
January 12, 2010 at 6:40 AM
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| | 30. Embryonic and adult stem cell therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jan 8; Authors: Brignier AC, Gewirtz AM There are many types of stem cells. All share the characteristics of being able to self-renew and to give rise to differentiated progeny. Over the last decades, great excitement has been generated by the prospect of being able to exploit these properties for the repair, improvement, and/or replacement of damaged organs. However, many hurdles, both scientific and ethical, remain in the path of using human embryonic stem cells for tissue-engineering purposes. In this report we review current strategies for isolating, enriching, and, most recently, inducing the development of human pluripotent stem cells. In so doing, we discuss the scientific and ethical issues associated with this endeavor. Finally, progress in the use of stem cells as therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and various neurologic and immunohematologic disorders, and as vehicles for the delivery of gene therapy, is briefly discussed. PMID: 20061008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | |
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