| Spinogenesis and pruning in the primary auditory cortex of the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis): An intracellular injection study of layer III pyramidal cells.
January 2, 2010 at 8:28 am
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| | Spinogenesis and pruning in the primary auditory cortex of the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis): An intracellular injection study of layer III pyramidal cells. Brain Res. 2009 Dec 28; Authors: Elston GN, Okamoto T, Oga T, Dornan D, Fujita I Recently we demonstrated that neocortical pyramidal cells in visual, visual association and prefrontal cortex of the macaque monkey are characterised by different growth, branching, spinogenesis and pruning during development. Some neurons, such as those in the primary visual area, prune more spines than they grow following sensory onset, while others such as those in area TE grow more than they prune. To what extent these different neuronal growth profiles may vary among cortical areas remains to be determined. To better comprehend the nature and extent of these regional differences in pyramidal cell growth profiles we expanded the bases for comparison by studying neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1). We found that pyramidal cells in A1 continue to grow their basal dendritic trees beyond the peak period of spinogenesis (3(1)/(2) months) up until at least 7 months of age. Likewise, the most prolific branching patterns were observed in the dendritic trees of pyramidal cells at 7 months of age. These data reveal that the basal dendritic trees of cells in A1 continue to grow for a much longer period, and attain almost double the number of spines, as compared with those in V1. Such differences in the growth profiles of neocortical pyramidal cells among cortical areas may influence therapeutic outcomes when applying new technologies such as neurotrophic delivery devices or stem cell therapy. PMID: 20043887 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Estimation of Relationship Between Structure of Newly Synthesized Dihydroimidazoles Determined by a Semiempirical Molecular-orbital Method and their Cytotoxicity.
January 2, 2010 at 6:48 am
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| | Estimation of Relationship Between Structure of Newly Synthesized Dihydroimidazoles Determined by a Semiempirical Molecular-orbital Method and their Cytotoxicity. Anticancer Res. 2009 Dec;29(12):5019-5022 Authors: Takekawa F, Sakagami H, Ishihara M A semiempirical molecular-orbital method (CAChe 4.9, PM5) was applied to delineate the relationship between the cytotoxicity (evaluated by 50% cytotoxic concentration, CC(50)) of twelve dihydroimidazole derivatives, their molecular weight and the eleven chemical parameters (descriptors) determined by CONFLEX/PM5 method. There was no correlation between the CC(50) value and heat of formation, dipole moment, E(HOMO), E(LUMO), absolute hardness (eta), absolute electron negativity (chi), reaction index (omega), length of substituted group in all cell lines tested. However, there was good correlation between the CC(50) and the log P, or molecular size in all cell lines used. Surface and volume calculated by this method are useful in evaluating the cytotoxicity of dihydroimidazole derivatives. PMID: 20044611 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Extremity War Injuries: Collaborative Efforts in Research, Host Nation Care, and Disaster Preparedness.
January 2, 2010 at 6:48 am
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| | Extremity War Injuries: Collaborative Efforts in Research, Host Nation Care, and Disaster Preparedness. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010 Jan;18(1):3-9 Authors: Pollak AN, Ficke CJ, The fourth annual Extremity War Injuries (EWI) Symposium addressed ongoing challenges and opportunities in the management of combat-related musculoskeletal injury. The symposium, which also examined host-nation care and disaster preparedness and response, defined opportunities for synergy between several organizations with similar missions and goals. Within the Department of Defense, the Orthopaedic Extremity Trauma Research Program (OETRP) has funded basic research related to a series of protocols first identified and validated at prior EWI symposia. A well-funded clinical research arm of OETRP has been developed to help translate and validate research advances from each of the protocols. The Armed Forces Institute for Regenerative Medicine, a consortium of academic research institutions, employs a tissue-engineering approach to EWI challenges, particularly with regard to tissue loss. Programs within the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and throughout the National Institutes of Health have also expanded tissue-engineering efforts by emphasizing robust mechanistic basic science programs. Much of the clinical care delivered by US military medical personnel and nongovernmental agencies has been to host-nation populations; coordinating delivery to maximize the number of injured who receive care requires understanding of the breadth and scope of resources available within the war zone. Similarly, providing the most comprehensive care to the greatest number of injured in the context of domestic mass casualty requires discussion and planning by all groups involved. PMID: 20044486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Extremity War Injuries: Collaborative Efforts in Research, Host Nation Care, and Disaster Preparedness.
January 2, 2010 at 6:11 am
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| | Extremity War Injuries: Collaborative Efforts in Research, Host Nation Care, and Disaster Preparedness. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010 Jan;18(1):3-9 Authors: Pollak AN, Ficke CJ, The fourth annual Extremity War Injuries (EWI) Symposium addressed ongoing challenges and opportunities in the management of combat-related musculoskeletal injury. The symposium, which also examined host-nation care and disaster preparedness and response, defined opportunities for synergy between several organizations with similar missions and goals. Within the Department of Defense, the Orthopaedic Extremity Trauma Research Program (OETRP) has funded basic research related to a series of protocols first identified and validated at prior EWI symposia. A well-funded clinical research arm of OETRP has been developed to help translate and validate research advances from each of the protocols. The Armed Forces Institute for Regenerative Medicine, a consortium of academic research institutions, employs a tissue-engineering approach to EWI challenges, particularly with regard to tissue loss. Programs within the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and throughout the National Institutes of Health have also expanded tissue-engineering efforts by emphasizing robust mechanistic basic science programs. Much of the clinical care delivered by US military medical personnel and nongovernmental agencies has been to host-nation populations; coordinating delivery to maximize the number of injured who receive care requires understanding of the breadth and scope of resources available within the war zone. Similarly, providing the most comprehensive care to the greatest number of injured in the context of domestic mass casualty requires discussion and planning by all groups involved. PMID: 20044486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Is COPD in adulthood really so far removed from early development?
January 2, 2010 at 6:11 am
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| | Is COPD in adulthood really so far removed from early development? Eur Respir J. 2010 Jan;35(1):12-13 Authors: Shi W, Warburton D PMID: 20044457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Distribution of adipose-derived stem cells in adipose tissues from human cadavers.
January 2, 2010 at 6:11 am
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| | Distribution of adipose-derived stem cells in adipose tissues from human cadavers. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009 Dec 29; Authors: Kishi K, Imanishi N, Ohara H, Ninomiya R, Okabe K, Hattori N, Kubota Y, Nakajima H, Nakajima T BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess multipotency in vivo and in vitro, and thus are thought to be very promising precursors for use in regenerative medicine. ASCs can be concentrated from adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion and transplanted to increase angiogenesis or for cosmesis. ASC transplants are now being performed in a clinical setting. Although data on ASCs are extensive, the distribution of ASCs in human fat tissue has not been fully clarified. Thus, it is important to identify the distribution of ASCs to obtain cell populations rich in ASCs for clinical use. METHODS: ASCs express CD34, a cell surface marker. As CD34 is also expressed by endothelial cells, we immunohistochemically stained 2-mum-thick serial paraffin sections of fat tissue obtained from various parts of formalin-fixed cadavers with anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 antibodies to distinguish ASCs from endothelial cells. RESULTS: CD34(+)/CD31(-) cells were mainly found in connective tissue tracts and perivascularly. Among fat tissues obtained from various sites, fat tissues in the thoracic back and lower abdomen were richest in CD34(+)/CD31(-) cells. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of CD34(+)/CD31(-) cells in adipose tissues differ between sites. The sites most highly enriched for ASCs were identified, and it is now possible to select the best sites for collection of ASCs for transplantation. PMID: 20044319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Transient in vitro epigenetic reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into multipotent cells.
January 2, 2010 at 6:11 am
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| | Transient in vitro epigenetic reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into multipotent cells. Biomaterials. 2009 Dec 29; Authors: Zhu XQ, Pan XH, Wang W, Chen Q, Pang RQ, Cai XM, Hoffman AR, Hu JF Multipotent stem cells have the potential to establish a new field of promising regenerative medicine to treat tissue damage, genetic disorders, and degenerative diseases. However, limited resource of stem cells has turned to be an evitable obstacle in clinical applications. We utilized a simple in vitro epigenetic reprogramming approach to convert skin fibroblasts into multipotent cells. After transient reprogramming, stem cell markers, including Oct4 and Nanog, became activated in the treated cells. The reprogrammed cells were multipotent as demonstrated by their ability to differentiate into a variety of cells and to form teratomas. Genomic imprinting of insulin-like growth factor II (Igf2) and H19 was not affected by this short period of cell reprogramming. This study may provide an alternative strategy to efficiently generate patient-specific stem cells for basic and clinical research, solving major hurdles of virally-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that entail the potential risks of mutation, gene instability, and malignancy. PMID: 20044135 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | 
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