|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Want to join a small brigade of public servants working on the cutting edge of science and public policy? Looking to take part in giving away $2 billion? Here's your chance.
California's top fiscal officer, Controller John Chiang, is seeking nominations for five openings on the 29-member board of directors for the $3 billion California stem cell, which has already awarded $1 billion to a total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Substrate elasticity provides mechanical signals for the expansion of hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Oct 3; Authors: Holst J, Watson S, Lord MS, Eamegdool SS, Bax DV, Nivison-Smith LB, Kondyurin A, Ma L, Oberhauser AF, Weiss AS, Rasko JE Surprisingly little is known about the effects of the physical microenvironment on hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells. To explore the physical effects of matrix elasticity on well-characterized primitive hemopoietic cells, we made use of a uniquely elastic biomaterial, tropoelastin. Culturing mouse or human hemopoietic cells on a tropoelastin substrate led to a two- to threefold expansion of undifferentiated cells, including progenitors and mouse stem cells. Treatment with cytokines in the presence of tropoelastin had an additive effect on this expansion. These biological effects required substrate elasticity, as neither truncated nor cross-linked tropoelastin reproduced the phenomenon, and inhibition of mechanotransduction abrogated the effects. Our data suggest that substrate elasticity and tensegrity are important mechanisms influencing hemopoietic stem and progenitor cell subsets and could be exploited to facilitate cell culture. PMID: 20890282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Intravenous Infusion of GDNF Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD34+ Cells Protects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Brain Res. 2010 Sep 30; Authors: Ou Y, Yu S, Kaneko Y, Tajiri N, Bae EC, Chheda SH, Stahl CE, Yang T, Fang L, Hu K, Borlongan CV, Yu G This study assessed the potential of intravenous transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) CD34+ cells transfected with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene to exert therapeutic benefits in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). SHR with MCAO were randomly assigned to receive intravenously transplantation of vehicle, the plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP)-CD34+ cells or pEGFP-GDNF-CD34+cells at 6 hours after stroke. The CD34+ cells transfected with GDNF gene expressed higher levels of GDNF mRNA and protein than nontransfected HUCB CD34+ cells in vitro. At 28 days after transplantation of GDNF gene modified CD34+ cells, significantly more GFP positive cells, neurons, and astrocytes, likely derived from the grafted cells, populated the peri-infarct area compared to those injected with pEGFP-CD34+ cells or vehicle. Furthermore, the stroke animals transplanted with GDNF gene modified CD34+ cells showed a significant increase in GDNF level in the infarcted hemisphere, reduced brain infarction volume, and enhanced functional recovery compared with those that received pEGFP-CD34+cells. This study supports the use of a combined gene and stem cell therapy for treating stroke. PMID: 20888805 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Vascular protection and restorative therapy in ischemic stroke. Cell Transplant. 2010 Sep 30; Authors: Yamashita T, Deguchi K, Nagotani S, Abe K Possible strategies for treating stroke include: 1) Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): restoring cerebral blood flow in the acute phase of ischemic stroke but sometimes causing hemorrhagic transformation (HT); 2) Stem cell therapy: the repair of disrupted neuronal networks with newly born neurons in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke. Firstly, we estimated the vascular-protective effect of a free radical scavenger, edaravone, in the tPA-treated rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Edaravone prevented dramatically decreased the hemorrhagic transformation and improved the neurologic score and survival rate of tPA-treated rats. Secondly, we attempted to restore brain tissue using a novel biomaterial, polydimethysiloxane-tetraethoxysilane (PDMS-TEOS) hybrid with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and we could show that implantation of a PDMS-TEOS scaffold with VEGF might be effective for treating old brain infarction or trauma. In the future, we will combine these strategies to develop more effective therapies for treatment of strokes. PMID: 20887680 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stem cell therapy doctor struck off by the GMC. BMJ. 2010;341:c5410 Authors: Dyer C PMID: 20884707 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Loss of solute carriers in T cell-mediated rejection in mouse and human kidneys: an active epithelial injury-repair response. Am J Transplant. 2010 Oct;10(10):2241-51 Authors: Einecke G, Kayser D, Vanslambrouck JM, Sis B, Reeve J, Mengel M, Famulski KS, Bailey CG, Rasko JE, Halloran PF T cell-mediated rejection of kidney allografts causes epithelial deterioration, manifested by tubulitis, but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that interstitial inflammation triggers a stereotyped epithelial response similar to that triggered by other types of injury such as ischemia-reperfusion. We identified solute carrier transcripts with decreased expression in mouse allografts, and compared their behavior in T cell-mediated rejection to native kidneys with ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Average loss of solute carrier expression was similar in ATN (77%) and T cell-mediated rejection (75%) with high correlation of individual transcripts. Immunostaining of SLC6A19 confirmed loss of proteins. Analysis of human kidney transplant biopsies confirmed that T cell-mediated rejection and ATN showed similar loss of solute carrier mRNAs. The loss of solute carrier expression was weakly correlated with interstitial inflammation, but kidneys with ATN showed decreased solute carriers despite minimal inflammation. Loss of renal function correlated better with decreased solute carrier expression than with histologic lesions (r = 0.396, p < 0.001). Thus the loss of epithelial transcripts in rejection is not a unique consequence of T cell-mediated rejection but an active injury-repair response of epithelium, triggered by rejection but also by other injury mechanisms. PMID: 20883558 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Transplantation of patient-derived adipose stem cells in YAC128 Huntington's disease transgenic mice. PLoS Curr. 2010;2 Authors: Im W, Lee ST, Park JE, Oh HJ, Shim J, Lim J, Chu K, Kim M Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by abnormal expansion of CAG in the huntingtin gene. In R6/2 HD transgenic mice, human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can slow disease progression via secretion of multiple paracrine growth factors. In order to prompt autologous ASCs transplantation in HD, we isolated ASCs from subcutaneous adipose tissues from a HD patient and a normal volunteer. ASCs were grown in two different types of stem cell culture media, EGM-2MV (endothelial growth medium-2 MV) or mesenchymal culture medium (MesenPRO). Cell-surface markers CD13, CD29, CD31, CD34, and CD44 were characterized by flow cytometry. BDNF, HGF, IGF, LIF, NGF, and VEGF expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Cell surface markers for HD ASCs were similar to those for normal ASCs. HD ASCs expressed multiple growth factors, and were similar to normal ASCs, except for NGF; however, they can be altered by culture medium. ASCs were transplanted in bilateral striata of 8 month-old YAC128 mice. At 12 months of age, normal ASCs reduced striatal atrophy, while HD ASCs failed to prevent it. Compared to the control YAC128 group, no improvement in Rotarod performance was observed in any of the transplanted YAC128 mice. However, when normal ASCs were transplanted at 12 months, Rotarod performance was maintained for 4 weeks, with detectable transplanted cells in the striatum and periventricular area. In summary, cultured HD patient-derived ASCs express multiple growth factors with the same cell surface markers as those of normal ASCs in vitro. The efficacy of ASCs transplantation in YAC128 transgenic models can be modified, depending on the time window. PMID: 20890444 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Discussion: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells enhance bioprosthetic mesh repair of ventral hernias. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Sep;126(3):855-7 Authors: Dumanian GA PMID: 20811218 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hematopoietic stem cell: self-renewal versus differentiation. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2010 Nov-Dec;2(6):640-53 Authors: Seita J, Weissman IL The mammalian blood system, containing more than 10 distinct mature cell types, stands on one specific cell type, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Within the system, only HSCs possess the ability of both multipotency and self-renewal. Multipotency is the ability to differentiate into all functional blood cells. Self-renewal is the ability to give rise to HSC itself without differentiation. Since mature blood cells (MBCs) are predominantly short-lived, HSCs continuously provide more differentiated progenitors while properly maintaining the HSC pool size throughout life by precisely balancing self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of self-renewal and differentiation of HSC has been a central issue. In this review, we focus on the hierarchical structure of the hematopoietic system, the current understanding of microenvironment and molecular cues regulating self-renewal and differentiation of adult HSCs, and the currently emerging systems approaches to understand HSC biology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. PMID: 20890962 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An exopolysaccharide produced by the novel halophilic bacterium Halomonas stenophila strain B100 selectively induces apoptosis in human T leukaemia cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Oct 3; Authors: Ruiz-Ruiz C, Srivastava GK, Carranza D, Mata JA, Llamas I, SantamarÃa M, Quesada E, Molina IJ Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are highly heterogeneous polymers produced by fungi and bacteria and have recently been attracting considerable attention from biotechnologists because of their potential applications in many fields, including biomedicine. We have screened the antitumoural activity of a panel of sulphated EPSs produced by a newly discovered species of halophilic bacteria. We found that the novel halophilic bacterium Halomonas stenophila strain B100 produced a heteropolysaccharide that, when oversulphated, exerted antitumoural activity on T cell lines deriving from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Only tumour cells were susceptible to apoptosis induced by the sulphated EPS (B100S), whilst primary T cells were resistant. Moreover, freshly isolated primary cells from the blood of patients with ALL were also susceptible to B100S-induced apoptosis. The newly discovered B100S is therefore the first bacterial EPS that has been demonstrated to exert a potent and selective pro-apoptotic effect on T leukaemia cells, and thus, we propose that the search for new antineoplastic drugs should include the screening of other bacterial EPSs, particularly those isolated from halophiles. PMID: 20890756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before embryonic genome activation predicts development to the blastocyst stage. Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Oct 3; Authors: Wong CC, Loewke KE, Bossert NL, Behr B, De Jonge CJ, Baer TM, Pera RA We report studies of preimplantation human embryo development that correlate time-lapse image analysis and gene expression profiling. By examining a large set of zygotes from in vitro fertilization (IVF), we find that success in progression to the blastocyst stage can be predicted with >93% sensitivity and specificity by measuring three dynamic, noninvasive imaging parameters by day 2 after fertilization, before embryonic genome activation (EGA). These parameters can be reliably monitored by automated image analysis, confirming that successful development follows a set of carefully orchestrated and predictable events. Moreover, we show that imaging phenotypes reflect molecular programs of the embryo and of individual blastomeres. Single-cell gene expression analysis reveals that blastomeres develop cell autonomously, with some cells advancing to EGA and others arresting. These studies indicate that success and failure in human embryo development is largely determined before EGA. Our methods and algorithms may provide an approach for early diagnosis of embryo potential in assisted reproduction. PMID: 20890283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Cytokines in bone diseases. Genetic defects of PTH÷PTHrP receptor in chondrodysplasia.] Clin Calcium. 2010 Oct;20(10):1481-8 Authors: Ogata N Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signaling plays important roles in regulating the differentiation of chondrocytes in endochondral bone development. PTHrP signaling functions as an inhibitory effect on chondrocyte hypertrophy which is a terminal stage of differentiation at a growth plate. Mutations of the PTH÷PTHrP receptor have been identified in Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Blomstrand's lethal chondrodysplasia, and enchondromatosis. Furthermore, genetic manipulations of the PTHrP and its receptor genes in mice have demonstrated the critical roles of these proteins in regulating both the switch between proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. PMID: 20890029 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SDF-1:CXCR4 Axis Is Fundamental for Tissue Preservation and Repair. Am J Pathol. 2010 Oct 1; Authors: Penn MS This Commentary discusses the role of the SDF-1:CXCR4 axis in tissue preservation and repair. PMID: 20889567 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The Impact of Muscle Disuse on Muscle Atrophy in Severely Burned Rats. J Surg Res. 2010 Sep 15; Authors: Wu X, Baer LA, Wolf SE, Wade CE, Walters TJ BACKGROUND: Severe burn induces a sustained hypermetabolic response, which causes long-term loss of muscle mass and decrease in muscle strength. In this study, we sought to determine whether muscle disuse has additional impact on muscle atrophy after severe burn using a rat model combining severe cutaneous burn and hindlimb unloading. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (≈300 g) were randomly assigned to sham ambulatory (S/A), sham hindlimb unloading (S/HLU), burn ambulatory (B/A), or burn hindlimb unloading (B/HLU) groups. Rats received a 40% total body surface (TBSA) full thickness scald burn, and rats with hindlimb unloading were placed in a tail traction system. At d 14, lean body mass (LBM) was determined using DEXA scan, followed by measurement of the isometric mechanical properties in the predominantly fast-twitch plantaris muscle (PL) and the predominantly slow-twitch soleus muscle (SL). Muscle weight (wt), protein wt, and wet/dry wt were determined. RESULTS: At d 14, body weight had decreased significantly in all treatment groups; B/HLU resulted in significantly greater loss compared with the B/A, S/HLU, and S/A. The losses could be attributed to loss of LBM. PL muscle wt and Po were lowest in the B/HLU group (<0.05 versus S/A, S/HLU, or B/A). SL muscle wt and Po were significantly less in both S/HLU and B/HLU compared with that of S/A and B/A; no significant difference was found between S/HLU and B/HLU. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous burn and hindlimb unloading have an additive effect on muscle atrophy, characterized by loss of muscle mass and decrease in muscle strength in both fast (PL) and slow (SL) twitch muscles. Of the two, disuse appeared to be the dominant factor for continuous muscle wasting after acute burn in this model. PMID: 20888588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Resistance to Infection of Five Different Materials in a Rat Body Wall Model. J Surg Res. 2010 Sep 17; Authors: Medberry CJ, Tottey S, Jiang H, Johnson SA, Badylak SF BACKGROUND: Infection occurs after approximately 1% of hernia repair procedures. The resistance to infection of the repair materials is therefore an important consideration. We evaluated the infection resistance of five different materials in a rat model of body wall repair, two of which, urinary bladder matrix (UBM-ECM) and Revive, were not previously evaluated in a controlled model of infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An inoculum of 1 × 10(8) colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus was delivered to the wound site following implantation of an autograft, UBM-ECM, Proceed, Prolene, or Revive. Infection was monitored by white blood cell counts, body temperature, bacterial culture, and histomorphologic analysis of the implant site. RESULTS: Infection was shown in all groups through increased white blood cell count and body temperature. Animals with UBM-ECM returned to pre-surgery body temperature before all other groups. Substantial bacterial clearance was found in the autograft, UBM-ECM, and Prolene. Histomorphologic analysis showed evidence for persistent bacterial infection in Prolene, Proceed, and Revive 28 d after implantation, whereas the autograft and UBM-ECM appeared free of infection. The autograft showed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction at 28 d while UBM-ECM was similar to uninfected controls. CONCLUSIONS: Superior infection resistance was shown by UBM-ECM compared with the other materials, which were substantially equivalent. Histomorphologic analysis clearly showed an increased ability to resist persistent bacterial infection for UBM-ECM. Our results suggest UBM-ECM may be useful as a repair material in areas of high risk for infection. PMID: 20888581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Highly Efficient Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Directed Differentiation of Human Cells with Synthetic Modified mRNA. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Sep 29; Authors: Warren L, Manos PD, Ahfeldt T, Loh YH, Li H, Lau F, Ebina W, Mandal PK, Smith ZD, Meissner A, Daley GQ, Brack AS, Collins JJ, Cowan C, Schlaeger TM, Rossi DJ Clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is limited by the low efficiency of iPSC derivation and the fact that most protocols modify the genome to effect cellular reprogramming. Moreover, safe and effective means of directing the fate of patient-specific iPSCs toward clinically useful cell types are lacking. Here we describe a simple, nonintegrating strategy for reprogramming cell fate based on administration of synthetic mRNA modified to overcome innate antiviral responses. We show that this approach can reprogram multiple human cell types to pluripotency with efficiencies that greatly surpass established protocols. We further show that the same technology can be used to efficiently direct the differentiation of RNA-induced pluripotent stem cells (RiPSCs) into terminally differentiated myogenic cells. This technology represents a safe, efficient strategy for somatic cell reprogramming and directing cell fate that has broad applicability for basic research, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. PMID: 20888316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Basement of matrix therapy in regenerative medicine by RGTA(®): From fundamental to plastic surgery.] Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2010 Sep 29; Authors: Barritault D, Garcia-Filipe S, Zakine G Cells present continuous renewal, permitting permanent regeneration which is called tissue homeostasis. The signaling protein, known as growth factors, cytokines, interleukins and chemokines, but also the extracellular matrix play a key role in the cellular communication. All processes are deregulated after tissue injury, inducing scars. By reconstituting the extracellular matrix, it is possible to avoid the development of scar and to favorize the regeneration of the injured tissue. Glycosaminoglycans, and particularly heparan sulfates, by participating to the extracellular matrix structure, are implicated in cellular communication. This article describes how, by creating heparan sulfate mimetic or Regenerating Agent (RGTA), a French academic team has demonstrated that mammals have the ability to regenerate, by restoring the proper cellular micro-environment. After a first clinical development in two severe and chronic pathologies (corneal and skin ulcers), we show now the potential of these agents in plastic and reconstructive surgery, to regulate fibrosis and to enhance speed and quality of tissue healing. PMID: 20888111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stem cell therapies in clinical trials: workshop on best practices and the need for harmonization. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Oct 8;7(4):451-4 Authors: Martell K, Trounson A, Baum E A workshop addressing regulation of clinical implementation of stem cell therapies preceded the ISSCR 8(th) Annual Meeting, cosponsored by the International Society for Stem Cell Research, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine and the International Society for Cellular Therapy. PMID: 20887951 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Altering cell fate: from thymus epithelium to skin stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Oct 8;7(4):419-20 Authors: Bilousova G, Roop DR In a recent study in Nature, Bonfanti et al. (2010) report that the skin microenvironment can convert thymic epithelial cells into skin stem cells. This finding suggests that somatic stem cells may have a broader potential for lineage switching than previously thought. PMID: 20887943 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The majority of US combat casualty soft-tissue wounds are not infected or colonized upon arrival or during treatment at a continental US military medical facility. Am J Surg. 2010 Oct;200(4):489-95 Authors: Sheppard FR, Keiser P, Craft DW, Gage F, Robson M, Brown TS, Petersen K, Sincock S, Kasper M, Hawksworth J, Tadaki D, Davis TA, Stojadinovic A, Elster E BACKGROUND: The microbiology of war wounds has changed as medicine and warfare have evolved. This study was designed to determine the microbial flora and bacterial quantification of present-day war wounds in US troops from Iraq and Afghanistan upon arrival at the National Naval Medical Center (NNMC). METHODS: Patients with extremity combat wounds treated with a vacuum-assisted wound closure device were enrolled in study. Wounds were biopsied every 48 to 72 hours with quantitative microbiology performed on all biopsies. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-two wound biopsies from 34 patients; 167 (69%) showed no growth, and 75 (31%) showed positive growth. The incidence of any bacterial isolation from biopsies weekly from the time of injury was 28% (first), 31% (second), and 37% (≥third). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Most soft-tissue wounds from Iraq and Afghanistan do not have significant bacterial burden upon arrival to and during initial treatment at NNMC. Improved evaluation of combat wound microbiology at all levels of care is warranted to determine shifts in microbiology and to impact care practices. PMID: 20887842 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | High cost of stage IV pressure ulcers. Am J Surg. 2010 Oct;200(4):473-7 Authors: Brem H, Maggi J, Nierman D, Rolnitzky L, Bell D, Rennert R, Golinko M, Yan A, Lyder C, Vladeck B BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to calculate and analyze the cost of treatment for stage IV pressure ulcers. METHODS: A retrospective chart analysis of patients with stage IV pressure ulcers was conducted. Hospital records and treatment outcomes of these patients were followed up for a maximum of 29 months and analyzed. Costs directly related to the treatment of pressure ulcers and their associated complications were calculated. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with stage IV pressure ulcers (11 hospital-acquired and 8 community-acquired) were identified and their charts were reviewed. The average hospital treatment cost associated with stage IV pressure ulcers and related complications was $129,248 for hospital-acquired ulcers during 1 admission, and $124,327 for community-acquired ulcers over an average of 4 admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The costs incurred from stage IV pressure ulcers are much greater than previously estimated. Halting the progression of early stage pressure ulcers has the potential to eradicate enormous pain and suffering, save thousands of lives, and reduce health care expenditures by millions of dollars. PMID: 20887840 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cells of the oligodendroglial lineage, myelination, and remyelination. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Sep 28; Authors: Miron VE, Kuhlmann T, Antel JP Myelin is critical in maintaining electrical impulse conduction in the central nervous system. The oligodendrocyte is the cell type responsible for myelin production within this compartment. The mutual supply of trophic support between oligodendrocytes and the underlying axons may indicate why demyelinated axons undergo degeneration more readily; the latter contributes to the neural decline in multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin repair, termed remyelination, occurs in acute inflammatory lesions in MS and is associated with functional recovery and clinical remittances. Animal models have demonstrated that remyelination is mediated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) which have responded to chemotactic cues, migrated into the lesion, proliferated, differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, and ensheathed demyelinated axons. The limited remyelination observed in more chronic MS lesions may reflect intrinsic properties of neural cells or extrinsic deterrents. Therapeutic strategies currently under development include transplantation of exogenous OPCs and promoting remyelination by endogenous OPCs. All currently approved MS therapies are aimed at dampening the immune response and are not directly targeting neural processes. PMID: 20887785 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Functional Cells Cultured on Microcarriers for Use in Regenerative Medicine Research. Cell Transplant. 2010 Sep 30; Authors: Sun LY, Lin SZ, Li YS, Harn HJ, Chiou TW Microcarriers have been successfully used for many years for growing anchorage-dependent cells and as a means of delivering cells for tissue repair. When cultured on microcarriers, the number of anchorage-dependent cells, including primary cells, can easily be scaled up and controlled to generate the quantities of cells necessary for therapeutic applications. Recently, stem cell technology has been recognized as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine, but adequate numbers of stem cells that retain their differentiation potential are still difficult to obtain. For anchorage-dependent stem cells, however, microcarrier-based suspension culture using various types of microcarriers has proven to be a good alternative for effective ex vivo expansion. In this article, we review studies reporting the expansion, differentiation, or transplantation of functional anchorage-dependent cells that were expanded with the microcarrier culture system. Thus, the implementation of technological advances in biodegradable microcarriers, the bead-to-bead transfer process, and appropriate stem cell media may soon foster the ability to produce the numbers of stem cells necessary for cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. PMID: 20887678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Botanical Drugs and Stem Cells. Cell Transplant. 2010 Sep 30; Authors: Chang PC, Liu PY, Lin SZ, Wu WC, Chen WS, Tsai CH, Chiou TW, Harn HJ The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from stem cells offers the possibility of creating new sources of cells for regenerative medicine. To realize this potential, it will be essential to control stem cell differentiation. Chinese herbal medicine is a major aspect of traditional Chinese medicine and is a rich source of unique chemicals. As such, individual herbs or extracts may play a role in the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss some of the Chinese herbal medicines that are used to treat human diseases such as neuronal degenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. We also describe the relationship between Chinese herbal medicines and stem cell regulation. PMID: 20887674 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Culture and in vitro hepatogenic differentiation of placenta-derived stem cells, using placental extract as an alternative to serum. Cell Prolif. 2010 Oct;43(5):435-44 Authors: Shin KS, Lee HJ, Jung J, Cha DH, Kim GJ Abstract Objectives:  Translational research using adult stem cells derived from various tissues has been highlighted in cell-based therapy. However, there are many limitations to using conventional culture systems of adult stem cells for clinically applicability, including limited combinations of cytokines and use of nutrients derived from animals. Here, we have investigated the effects of placental extract (PE) for culture of placenta-derived stem cells (PDSCs) as well as their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. Materials and methods:  Placental extract, extracted using water-soluble methods, was used as a supplement for culture of PDSCs. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and cytokine assay was performed using Luminex assay kit. Gene expression, indocyanine green (ICG) up-take, PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) staining and urea production were also analysed. Results:  The placental extract contained several types of cytokine and chemokine essential for maintenance and differentiation of stem cells. Expression of stemness markers in PDSCs cultured with PE is no different from that of PDSCs cultured with foetal bovine serum (FBS). After hepatogenic differentiation, expression patterns for hepatocyte-specific markers in PDSCs cultured with PE were consistent and potential for hepatogenic differentiation of PDSCs cultured with PE was similar to that of PDSCs cultured with FBS, as shown by PAS staining and urea production assays. Conclusions:  Our findings revealed that placental extract could be used as a new component for culture of adult stem cells, as well as for development of human-based medium, in translational research for regenerative medicine. PMID: 20887550 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sequence-based typing showed a novel HLA-DQB1*05 allele, DQB1*05:01:03. Tissue Antigens. 2010 Sep 30; Authors: Jakubauskas A, Griskevicius L The novel allele HLA-DQB1*05:01:03 differs from HLA-DQB1*05:01:01 by a silent nucleotide substitution at codon 77R (AGG to AGA). PMID: 20887386 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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