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| Determination of antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatite.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Determination of antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatite. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Jun 5; Authors: Zhang Y, Yin QS, Zhang Y, Xia H, Ai FZ, Jiao YP, Chen XQ In this study, silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatites (SLCHAs) were used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The SLCHAs were prepared by surface adsorption process and ion-exchange reaction between Ca(2+) of coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) and Ag(+) of silver nitrate with different concentrations at room temperature. The properties of the composite SLCHAs were investigated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscropy (SEM) equipped with backscattered electron detector (BSE), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The SEM images showed that the morphology of the SLCHAs depended on the content of Ag(+), and the silver ions were uniformly distributed on the surface of SLCHAs. The ICP-AES results demonstrated that the silver content of the SLCHAs decreased along with the decrease of the concentration of silver nitrate. The SLCHAs were found effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by antibacterial test. Mouse embryonic pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were used to test the cytocompatibility of SLCHAs, CHA, and pure coral. Cell morphology and cell proliferation were studied with SEM, laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture. The results indicated the cell morphology and proliferation on the scaffolds of Ag(+) (13.6 mug/ml)/CHA and Ag(+) (1.7 mug/ml)/CHA were better than that on Ag(+) (170 mug/ml)/CHA. In addition, adhesion of MC3T3-E1 on the scaffolds showed that the confluent cells showed fusiform shape and arranged tightly on the scaffolds. All the results showed that the antibacterial SLCHAs would have potential clinical application as the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. PMID: 20526656 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| The use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | The use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010 Jun 1; Authors: Park JB Many different types of scaffold materials have been used for tissue engineering applications, and hydrogels form one group of materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks and they represent an important class of biomaterials in biotechnology and medicine because many hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility with minimal inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Many studies have demonstrated the use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering applications. In this report, the summary was conducted on various kinds of polymers and different modification methods of hydrogels to enhance bone formation. The results revealed that hydrogels are applied for bone regeneration and that the modification of hydrogels with bioactive molecules or cell-based approaches resulted in significant increases in new bone formation. This suggests that the use of hydrogels with modification may offer an option for bone-tissue engineering, and further research is needed to identify the biological and physical properties of hydrogels. PMID: 20526262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Cell Delivery: From Cell Transplantation to Organ Engineering.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Cell Delivery: From Cell Transplantation to Organ Engineering. Cell Transplant. 2010 Jun 3; Authors: Soto-Gutierrez A, Yagi H, Uygun BE, Navarro-Alvarez N, Uygun K, Kobayashi N, Yang YG, Yarmush ML Cell populations derived from adult tissue and stem cells possess a great expectation for the treatment of several diseases. Great efforts have been made to generate cells with therapeutic impact from stem cells. However, it is clear that the development of systems to deliver such cells to induce efficient engraftment, growth and function is a real necessity. Biologic and artificial scaffolds have received significant attention for their potential therapeutic application when use to form tissues in vitro and facilitate engraftment in vivo. Ultimately more sophisticated methods for decellularization of organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. These decellularized tissues and organs appear to provide bioactive molecules, and bioinductive properties to induce homing, differentiation and proliferation of cells. The combination of decellularized organs and stem cells may dramatically improve the survival, engraftment, and fate control of transplanted stem cells and their ultimate clinical utility opening the doors to a new era of organ engineering. PMID: 20525441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Endogenous lung stem cells: what is their potential for use in regenerative medicine?
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Endogenous lung stem cells: what is their potential for use in regenerative medicine? Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Jun;4(3):349-362 Authors: Bertoncello I, McQualter JL Advances in stem cell technologies in recent years have generated considerable interest in harnessing the potential of adult and embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem cell-based therapies are a particularly attractive option for the treatment of intractable lung diseases for which current therapies are essentially palliative. Proof-of-principle experiments in animal models demonstrate the efficacy of exogenous stem cells in mediating lung repair by attenuating fibrotic responses to injury, but also suggest that their ability to contribute to lung epithelial regeneration and repair is limited. Consequently, attention has turned to endogenous lung stem cells as targets or vehicles for the delivery of lung regenerative therapies. In this article, we discuss the potential and promise of endogenous lung stem cells in regenerative medicine, and the problems and challenges faced by researchers and clinicians in harnessing their potential to repair the lung. PMID: 20524918 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Evaluation of Soft Tissue Coverage over Porous Polymethylmethacrylate Space Maintainers Within Nonhealing Alveolar Bone Defects.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Evaluation of Soft Tissue Coverage over Porous Polymethylmethacrylate Space Maintainers Within Nonhealing Alveolar Bone Defects. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2010 Jun 4; Authors: Kretlow JD, Shi M, Young S, Spicer PP, Demian N, Jansen JA, Wong ME, Kasper FK, Mikos AG Current treatment of traumatic craniofacial injuries often involves early free tissue transfer, even if the recipient site is contaminated or lacks soft tissue coverage. There are no current tissue engineering strategies to definitively regenerate tissues in such an environment at an early time point. For a tissue engineering approach to be employed in the treatment of such injuries, a two-stage approach could potentially be used. The present study describes methods for fabrication, characterization, and processing of porous polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) space maintainers for temporary retention of space in bony craniofacial defects. Carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels were used as a porogen. Implants with controlled porosity and pore interconnectivity were fabricated by varying the ratio of hydrogel:polymer and the amount of carboxymethylcellulose within the hydrogel. The in vivo tissue response to the implants was observed by implanting solid, low-porosity, and high-porosity implants (n = 6) within a nonhealing rabbit mandibular defect that included an oral mucosal defect to allow open communication between the oral cavity and the mandibular defect. Oral mucosal wound healing was observed after 12 weeks and was complete in 3/6 defects filled with solid PMMA implants and 5/6 defects filled with either a low- or high-porosity PMMA implant. The tissue response around and within the pores of the two formulations of porous implants tested in vivo was characterized, with the low-porosity implants surrounded by a minimal but well-formed fibrous capsule in contrast to the high-porosity implants, which were surrounded and invaded by almost exclusively inflammatory tissue. On the basis of these results, PMMA implants with limited porosity hold promise for temporary implantation and space maintenance within clean/contaminated bone defects. PMID: 20524844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Multicenter cell processing for cardiovascular regenerative medicine applications: the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) experience.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Multicenter cell processing for cardiovascular regenerative medicine applications: the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) experience. Cytotherapy. 2010 Jun 4; Authors: Gee AP, Richman S, Durett A, McKenna D, Traverse J, Henry T, Fisk D, Pepine C, Bloom J, Willerson J, Prater K, Zhao D, Koç JR, Ellis S, Taylor D, Cogle C, Moyé L, Simari R, Skarlatos S Abstract Background aims. Multicenter cellular therapy clinical trials require the establishment and implementation of standardized cell-processing protocols and associated quality control (QC) mechanisms. The aims here were to develop such an infrastructure in support of the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) and to report on the results of processing for the first 60 patients. Methods. Standardized cell preparations, consisting of autologous bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells, prepared using a Sepax device, were manufactured at each of the five processing facilities that supported the clinical treatment centers. Processing staff underwent centralized training that included proficiency evaluation. Quality was subsequently monitored by a central QC program that included product evaluation by the CCTRN biorepositories. Results. Data from the first 60 procedures demonstrated that uniform products, that met all release criteria, could be manufactured at all five sites within 7 h of receipt of BM. Uniformity was facilitated by use of automated systems (the Sepax for processing and the Endosafe device for endotoxin testing), standardized procedures and centralized QC. Conclusions. Complex multicenter cell therapy and regenerative medicine protocols can, where necessary, successfully utilize local processing facilities once an effective infrastructure is in place to provide training and QC. PMID: 20524773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Design and Development of a Novel Biostretch Apparatus for Tissue Engineering.
June 8, 2010 at 10:08 AM
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| | Design and Development of a Novel Biostretch Apparatus for Tissue Engineering. J Biomech Eng. 2010 Jan;132(1):014503 Authors: Pang Q, Zu JW, Siu GM, Li RK A uniaxial cyclic stretch apparatus is designed and developed for tissue engineering research. The biostretch apparatus employs noncontact electromagnetic force to uniaxially stretch a rectangular Gelfoam(R) or RTV silicon scaffold. A reliable controller is implemented to control four stretch parameters independently: extent, frequency, pattern, and duration of the stretch. The noncontact driving force together with the specially designed mount allow researchers to use standard Petri dishes and commercially available CO(2) incubators to culture an engineered tissue patch under well-defined mechanical conditions. The culture process is greatly simplified over existing processes. Further, beyond traditional uniaxial stretch apparatuses, which provide stretch by fixing one side of the scaffolds and stretching the other side, the new apparatus can also apply uniaxial stretch from both ends simultaneously. Using the biostretch apparatus, the distributions of the strain on the Gelfoam(R) and GE RTV 6166 silicon scaffolds are quantitatively analyzed. PMID: 20524751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | 
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