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| Effect of bio-oss collagen and collagen matrix on bone formation.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Effect of bio-oss collagen and collagen matrix on bone formation. Open Biomed Eng J. 2010;4:71-6 Authors: Wong RW, Rabie AB OBJECTIVE: to compare the amount of new bone produced by Bio-Oss((R)) Collagen to that produced by collagen matrix in vivo. METHOD: eighteen bone defects, 5mm by 10mm were created in the parietal bone of 9 New Zealand White rabbits. 6 defects were grafted with Bio-Oss((R)) Collagen. 6 defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone (positive control) and 6 were left empty (negative control). Animals were killed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological assessment. Quantitative analysis of new bone formation was made on 100 sections (50 sections for each group) using image analysis. RESULTS: A total of 339% more new bone was present in defects grafted with Bio-Oss((R)) Collagen than those grafted with collagen matrix (positive control). No bone was formed in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: Bio-Oss((R)) Collagen has the effect of stimulating new bone formation locally compared with collagen matrix in vivo. Bio-Oss((R) )Collagen m! ay be utilized as a bone graft material. PMID: 20461225 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Long-term Effect of Sciatic Nerve Block with Slow-release Lidocaine in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Long-term Effect of Sciatic Nerve Block with Slow-release Lidocaine in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain. Anesthesiology. 2010 May 10; Authors: Tobe M, Obata H, Suto T, Yokoo H, Nakazato Y, Tabata Y, Saito S BACKGROUND:: Postoperative pain management is important for preventing perioperative complications. The authors examined the effectiveness of controlled-release lidocaine for sciatic nerve block in a rat model of postoperative pain. METHODS:: The authors created a novel slow-release lidocaine sheet (SRLS) with polylactic-coglycolic acid. In male Sprague-Dawley rats (postoperative pain model), the authors applied the SRLS, lidocaine alone, or polylactic-coglycolic acid (control) near the ipsilateral sciatic nerve just before making the paw incision. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed using von Frey filaments, and c-fos expression was examined in the spinal cord dorsal horn at segments L4-L5. Neurotoxicity and muscle toxicity were also evaluated via histopathology. RESULTS:: The SRLS (30%, w/w) continuously released lidocaine for 1 week in vitro. The withdrawal threshold in the SRLS-treated group was higher than that in the control group at all time points mea! sured (2 h to 7 days). The withdrawal threshold in the lidocaine-treated group was higher than that in the control group only at 2 h after paw incision. The mean number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the SRLS-treated group was lower than in the control group at 2, 5, and 48 h after paw incision and lower than in the lidocaine-treated group at 5 and 48 h after paw incision. On histopathology, signs of inflammation were only slightly present in the muscle and nerve tissues of the SRLS-treated group. CONCLUSIONS:: Single treatment with the SRLS inhibited hyperalgesia and c-fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn for 1 week. Slow-release local anesthetics are promising for the management of postoperative pain. PMID: 20461003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Clonal expansion of human pluripotent stem cells on gelatin-coated surface.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Clonal expansion of human pluripotent stem cells on gelatin-coated surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 May 8; Authors: Kitajima H, Niwa H The research of human pluripotent stem cells is important for providing the molecular basis for their future application to regenerative medicine. To date, they are usually cultured on feeder cells and passaged by partial dissociation with either enzymatic or mechanical methods, which are problematic for the research using them in the convenience and reproducibility. Here we established a new culture system that allows handling as easily as culturing feeder-free mouse ES cells. This newly developed culture system is based on the combinatorial use of ROCK inhibitor and soluble fibronectin, which enables us to expand human pluripotent stem cells from single cell dissociation on gelatin-coated surface without any feeder cells. In this new culture system, these human pluripotent stem cells can stably grow, even if in clonal density with keeping expression of stem cell markers. These cells also have abilities to differentiation into three germ layers in vivo and in vit! ro. Furthermore, no chromosomal abnormalities are found even after sequential passage. Therefore this system will dramatically simplify genetic engineering of these human pluripotent stem cells or defining process of their signal pathway. Human embryonic stem cells, Human induced pluripotent stem cells, Soluble fibronectin, ROCK inhibitor. PMID: 20460107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Cell-based therapy - navigating troubled waters.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Cell-based therapy - navigating troubled waters. S Afr Med J. 2010 May;100(5):286-8 Authors: Pepper MS Cells and engineered tissue can be used to treat an increasing number of diseases. This development, together with promising pre-clinical data in regenerative medicine, has raised the expectations of many patients. However, this situation tends to make people vulnerable to the lures of companies that abuse the stem cell promise. The problem is compounded by people's propensity to believe that the healing powers of positive thinking, large sums of money and foreign institutions are greater than those of therapies developed through well-tested, properly constructed, clinical trials. PMID: 20460017 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Controlled spatial and conformational display of immobilised bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteopontin signalling motifs regulates osteoblast adhesion and differentiation in vitro.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Controlled spatial and conformational display of immobilised bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteopontin signalling motifs regulates osteoblast adhesion and differentiation in vitro. BMC Biol. 2010 May 10;8(1):57 Authors: Mitchell E, Chaffey BT, McCaskie AW, Lakey JH, Birch MA ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The interfacial molecular mechanisms that regulate mammalian cell growth and differentiation have important implications for biotechnology (production of cells and cell products) and medicine (tissue engineering, prosthetic implants, cancer and developmental biology). We demonstrate here that engineered protein motifs can be robustly displayed to mammalian cells in vitro in a highly controlled manner using a soluble protein scaffold designed to self assemble on a gold surface. RESULTS: A protein was engineered to contain a C-terminal cysteine that would allow chemisorption to gold, followed by 12 amino acids that form a water soluble coil that could switch to a hydrophobic helix in the presence of alkane thiols. Bioactive motifs from either bone morphogenetic protein-2 or osteopontin were added to this scaffold protein and when assembled on a gold surface assessed for their ability to influence cell function. Data demonstrate that osteoblast ! adhesion and short-term responsiveness to bone morphogenetic protein-2 is dependent on the surface density of a cell adhesive motif derived from osteopontin. Furthermore an immobilised cell interaction motif from bone morphogenetic protein supported bone formation in vitro over 28 days (in the complete absence of other osteogenic supplements). In addition, two-dimensional patterning of this ligand using a soft lithography approach resulted in the spatial control of osteogenesis. CONCLUSION: These data describe an approach that allows the influence of immobilised protein ligands on cell behaviour to be dissected at the molecular level. This approach presents a durable surface that allows both short (hours or days) and long term (weeks) effects on cell activity to be assessed. This widely applicable approach can provide mechanistic insight into the contribution of immobilised ligands in the control of cell activity. PMID: 20459712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| [Influence of co-culturing vascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived stromal cells on osteogenic differentiation in vitro]
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | [Influence of co-culturing vascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived stromal cells on osteogenic differentiation in vitro] Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Apr;24(4):399-405 Authors: Wang F, Liu L, Zhao D, He X, Dai X, Li Y, Li Y OBJECTIVE: To further study the influence of the co-cultivation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) on cell osteogenic differentiation in vitro and provide experimental evidences of the probability of the co-cultivation of VECs and ADSCs as the seed cells of tissue engineering. METHODS: The VECs derived from cord blood and ADSCs were prepared by full-term pregnancy SD rats and 18-week-old SD rats, to carry on the morphological observation and immunohistochemical staining identification. The third generation of ADSCs and the VECs induced by conditioned medium for 6 weeks were cultured and were divided into groups A, B, and C as the experimental group according to cell ratios of 3 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 3, respectively. ADSCs or VECs was cultured alone in groups D and E as control groups. ALP and alizarin red staining were done respectively on the 7th day and 14th day; ALP and osteocalcin (OC) were detected respectively on the! 4th day, 7th day, and 14th day. RESULTS: The VECs derived from cord blood showed mixed growth of short spindle and polygonal cells after 6 weeks of induction, the immunofluorescent staining result of von Willebrand factor was positive. ADSCs showed adherent mononuclear cells and spindle-shaped growth without duplication; the immunofluorescent staining result of CD90 was positive and no positive cells were seen in the control group. On the 7th day of cell culture, ALP staining showed that the results were negative in groups A, D, and E, and some positive cells were seen in groups B and C; on the 14th day, the results were still negative in groups D and E, and positive cells fused to sheet form in groups A, B, and C. von Kossa staining showed that the results were negative in all groups on the 7th day; few positve cells were seen in groups A, B, and C, and no positive cells were seen in groups D and E on the 14th day. The ALP contents increased gradually in all groups, which! was highest in group B at every time point, showing significa! nt diffe rence (P < 0.01) between group B and other groups, between groups A, C and groups D, E. The OC value increased gradually in every group, which was highest in group B on the 7th and 14th days, showing significant difference between group B and other groups (P < 0.01), between group C and group D (P < 0.01) on the 4th and the 14th days, between groups A, C and group E (P < 0.05) on the 14th day. CONCLUSION: ADSCs have potential of osteogenic differentiation by VECs in the system of co-culturing VECs and ADSCs in vitro, the influence on osteogenic differentiation is the strongest in a ratio of 1 : 1. PMID: 20458998 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Tissue-engineered vascular grafts transform into mature blood vessels via an inflammation-mediated process of vascular remodeling.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Tissue-engineered vascular grafts transform into mature blood vessels via an inflammation-mediated process of vascular remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 9;107(10):4669-74 Authors: Roh JD, Sawh-Martinez R, Brennan MP, Jay SM, Devine L, Rao DA, Yi T, Mirensky TL, Nalbandian A, Udelsman B, Hibino N, Shinoka T, Saltzman WM, Snyder E, Kyriakides TR, Pober JS, Breuer CK Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are the earliest tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used clinically. These TEVGs transform into living blood vessels in vivo, with an endothelial cell (EC) lining invested by smooth muscle cells (SMCs); however, the process by which this occurs is unclear. To test if the seeded BMCs differentiate into the mature vascular cells of the neovessel, we implanted an immunodeficient mouse recipient with human BMC (hBMC)-seeded scaffolds. As in humans, TEVGs implanted in a mouse host as venous interposition grafts gradually transformed into living blood vessels over a 6-month time course. Seeded hBMCs, however, were no longer detectable within a few days of implantation. Instead, scaffolds were initially repopulated by mouse monocytes and subsequently repopulated by mouse SMCs and ECs. Seeded BMCs secreted significant amounts of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and increased early mono! cyte recruitment. These findings suggest TEVGs transform into functional neovessels via an inflammatory process of vascular remodeling. PMID: 20207947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Follistatin-like-1, a diffusible mesenchymal factor determines the fate of epithelium.
May 13, 2010 at 6:24 AM
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| | Follistatin-like-1, a diffusible mesenchymal factor determines the fate of epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 9;107(10):4601-6 Authors: Umezu T, Yamanouchi H, Iida Y, Miura M, Tomooka Y Mesenchyme is generally believed to play critical roles in "secondary induction" during organogenesis. Because of the complexity of tissue interactions in secondary inductions, however, little is known about the precise mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. We have demonstrated that, in mouse oviductal development, the mesenchyme determines the fate of undetermined epithelial cells to become secretory or cilial cells. We have established a model for studying secondary induction by establishing clonal epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines from perinatal p53(-/-) mouse oviducts. The signal sequence trap method collected candidate molecules secreted from mesenchymal cell lines. Naive epithelial cells exposed to Follistatin-like-1 (Fstl1), one of the candidates, became irreversibly committed to expressing a cilial epithelial marker and differentiated into ciliated cells. We concluded that Fstl1 is one of the mesenchymal factors determining oviductal epithel! ial cell fate. This is a unique demonstration that the determination of epithelial cell fate is induced by a single diffusible factor. PMID: 20176958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | 
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