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| Modulation of alignment and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts by submicron ridges/grooves surface structure.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | Modulation of alignment and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts by submicron ridges/grooves surface structure. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Feb 10; Authors: Wang PY, Yu HT, Tsai WB Alignment and fusion of myoblasts into parallel arrays of multinucleated myotubes are critical in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. It is well known that contact guidance by grooves/ridges structures induces myoblasts to align and to migrate along the anisotropic direction. In this study, two series of grooved substrata with different widths (450 and 900 nm) and different depths (100, 350 and 550 nm) were studied on their effects on myoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation into myotubes. We found that C2C12 cells were aligned and elongated along the direction of grooves. Groove depth was more influential on cellular morphology, proliferation and differentiation than groove width. While cell proliferation was retarded on the grooved surfaces especially on the substrate with 900/550 nm (width/depth), differentiation was also enhanced on the patterned surfaces compared to the flat control. Our results demonstrated the potential of grooved substrata with! submicron scale in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 20148416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| ATP Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes in Embryonic Stem Cells.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | ATP Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Feb 11; Authors: Saladi SV, de la Serna IL Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that can self renew or be induced to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and thus have the potential to be utilized in regenerative medicine. Key pluripotency specific factors (Oct 4/Sox2/Nanog/Klf4) maintain the pluripotent state by activating expression of pluripotency specific genes and by inhibiting the expression of developmental regulators. Pluripotent ES cells are distinguished from differentiated cells by a specialized chromatin state that is required to epigenetically regulate the ES cell phenotype. Recent studies show that in addition to pluripotency specific factors, chromatin remodeling enzymes play an important role in regulating ES cell chromatin and the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate. Here we review recent studies that delineate the role of ATP dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in regulating ES cell chromatin structure. PMID: 20148317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Controlling Affinity Binding with Peptide-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | Controlling Affinity Binding with Peptide-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels. Adv Funct Mater. 2009 Jul 24;19(14):2325 Authors: Lin CC, Anseth KS Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with peptide moieties have been widely used in regenerative medicine applications. While many studies have suggested the importance of affinity binding within PEG hydrogels, the relationships between the structures of the peptide motifs and their binding to protein therapeutics remain largely unexplored, especially in the recently developed thiol-acrylate photopolymerization systems. Herein, we employ Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and thiol-acrylate photopolymerizations to investigate how the architectures of affinity peptides in crosslinked hydrogels affect their binding to diffusible proteins. The binding between diffusible streptavidin and biotinylated peptide immobilized to PEG hydrogel network was used as a model system to reveal the interplay between affinity binding and peptide sequences/architectures. In addition, we design peptides with different structures to enhance affinity binding wi! thin PEG hydrogels and to provide tunable affinity-based controlled delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This study demonstrates the importance of affinity binding in controlling the availability of hydrogel-encapsulated proteins and provides strategies for enhancing affinity binding of protein therapeutics to bound peptide moieties in thiol-acrylate photopolymerized PEG hydrogels. The results presented herein should find useful on the design and fabrication of hydrogels to retain and sustained release of growth factors for promoting tissue regeneration. PMID: 20148198 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Immunological Study of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Bone Formation.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | Immunological Study of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Bone Formation. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(6):1750-1759 Authors: Guo SQ, Xu JZ, Zou QM, Jiang DM Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are limited in their clinical application because tissue-engineered bone cannot be pre-fabricated. Allogeneic MSCs are readily available but carry the risk of transplant rejection. It is not yet clear whether allogeneic MSCs can induce a rejection response during bone formation. In this study, two strains of genetically unmatched mini-pigs were used as experimental animals to study the immunological changes in MSCs in vitro and in vivo when generating bone. Mini-pig MSCs showed low immunogenicity during osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that allogeneic MSCs had little or no immunogenicity in osteosis. In conclusion, allogeneic MSCs are an important source of seed cells for the tissue engineering of bone. This favours the clinical application of pre-constructed tissue-engineered bone. PMID: 20146873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Spermatogonial stem cells, in vivo transdifferentiation and human regenerative medicine.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | Spermatogonial stem cells, in vivo transdifferentiation and human regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010 Feb 10; Authors: Simon L, Hess RA, Cooke PS Importance of the field: Embryonic stem (ES) cells have potential for use in regenerative medicine, but use of these cells is hindered by moral, legal and ethical issues. Induced pluripotent cells have promise in regenerative medicine. However, since generation of these cells involves genetic manipulation, it also faces significant hurdles before clinical use. This review discusses spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as a potential alternative source of pluripotent cells for use in human regenerative medicine. Areas covered in the review: The potential of SSCs to give rise to a wide range of other cell types either directly, when recombined with instructive inducers, or indirectly, after being converted to ES-like cells. Current understanding of the differentiation potential of murine SSCs and recent progress in isolating and culturing human SSCs and demonstrating their properties is also discussed. What the reader will gain: Insight into the plasticity of SSCs and t! he unique properties of these cells for regenerative applications, the limitations of SSCs for stem-cell-based therapy and the potential alternatives available. Take home message: If methodologies for isolation and conversion of adult human SSCs directly into other cell types can be effectively developed, SSCs could represent an important alternate source of pluripotent cells that can be used in human tissue repair and/or regeneration. PMID: 20146635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Photo-Cross-Linked PDMS(star)-PEG Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.
February 12, 2010 at 6:17 AM
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| | Photo-Cross-Linked PDMS(star)-PEG Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules. 2010 Feb 10; Authors: Hou Y, Schoener CA, Regan KR, Munoz-Pinto D, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA Inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable chemical and physical properties were prepared from methacrylated star polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS(star)-MA) and diacrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-DA) for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. A total of 18 compositionally unique hydrogels were prepared by photo-cross-linking, varying weight ratios of PEG-DA and PDMS(star)-MA of different molecular weights (M(n)): PEG-DA (M(n) = 3.4k and 6k g/mol) and PDMS(star)-MA (M(n) = 1.8k, 5k, and 7k g/mol). Introduction of PDMS(star)-MA caused formation of discrete PDMS-enriched microparticles dispersed within the PEG matrix. The swelling ratio, mechanical properties in tension and compression, nonspecific protein adhesion, controlled introduction of bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of hydrogels were studied. This library of inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable properties provides a useful platform to study the effect of scaffold properties on cell behavior. PMID: 20146518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | 
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