7/10 pubmed: adipose stem cell

pubmed: adipose stem cell Elucidating Mechanisms of Osteogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells via Microarray Analysis. July 9, 2010 at 3:48 PM Related Articles Elucidating Mechanisms of Osteogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells via Microarray Analysis. J Craniofac Surg. 2010 Jul 2; Authors: Lee J, Gupta D, Panetta NJ, Levi B, James AW, Wan D, Commons GW, Longaker MT INTRODUCTION:: The osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs), the ease of cell procurement, and the shortcomings of conventional skeletal reconstruction call for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms governing hASC osteogenic differentiation. We have examined the expression profile of the human transcriptome during osteogenic differentiation of ASCs using microarray. Subsequently, we analyzed those genes related to osteogenesis that have not been previously studied about hASCs. We have preliminarily assessed the role of IGFBP3, TGF-B3, TNC, CTGF, DKK-1, and PDGFRB in hASC osteogenic differentiation. METHODS:: We compared the expression profile of undifferentiated hASCs to that of hASCs treated with osteogenic differentiation medium for 1, 3, or 7 days using the Human Exonic Evidence-Based Oligonucleotide chip. Genes significantly overexpress or underexpressed were validated with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The osteogenic capability of ASCs was verified by Alizarin Red staining. RESULTS:: IGFBP3, TGF-B3, TNC, CTGF, and PDGFRB were all upregulated in early osteogenesis, and TGF-B3, TNC, and PDGFRB were upregulated in late osteogenesis by microarray and quantitative reverse transcription analysis. In contrast, DKK-1 was downregulated in early and late osteogenesis. Alizarin Red staining showed a significant increase in mineralization in hASCs, even after 1 day in osteogenic differentiation medium. CONCLUSIONS:: Factors that commit hASCs to an osteogenic pathway remain largely unknown. We have described 6 genes that play key roles in hASC osteogenic differentiation. We plan to further exploit these data via in vitro treatment of hASCs with these soluble cytokines and in vivo translation using a nude mouse calvarial defect model. PMID: 20613589 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]   Characterization of adipocyte differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow. July 9, 2010 at 3:48 PM Related Articles Characterization of adipocyte differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow. BMC Dev Biol. 2010;10:47 Authors: Qian SW, Li X, Zhang YY, Huang HY, Liu Y, Sun X, Tang QQ BACKGROUND: Adipocyte hyperplasia is associated with obesity and arises due to adipogenic differentiation of resident multipotent stem cells in the vascular stroma of adipose tissue and remote stem cells of other organs. The mechanistic characterization of adipocyte differentiation has been researched in murine pre-adipocyte models (i.e. 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A), revealing that growth-arrest pre-adipocytes undergo mitotic clonal expansion and that regulation of the differentiation process relies on the sequential expression of three key transcription factors (C/EBPbeta, C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma). However, the mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation from multipotent stem cells, particularly human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), remain poorly understood. This study investigated cell cycle regulation and the roles of C/EBPbeta, C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma during adipocyte differentiation from hBMSCs. RESULTS: Utilising a BrdU incorporation assay and manual cell counting it was demonstrated that induction of adipocyte differentiation in culture resulted in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes but not hBMSCs undergoing mitotic clonal expansion. Knock-down and over-expression assays revealed that C/EBPbeta, C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma were required for adipocyte differentiation from hBMSCs. C/EBPbeta and C/EBPalpha individually induced adipocyte differentiation in the presence of inducers; PPARgamma alone initiated adipocyte differentiation but the cells failed to differentiate fully. Therefore, the roles of these transcription factors during human adipocyte differentiation are different from their respective roles in mouse. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of hBMSCs during adipogenic differentiation are different from those of murine cells. These findings could be important in elucidating the mechanisms underlying human obesity further. PMID: 20459638 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]   Morphological changes in paraurethral area after introduction of tissue engineering construct on the basis of adipose tissue stromal cells. July 9, 2010 at 3:48 PM Related Articles Morphological changes in paraurethral area after introduction of tissue engineering construct on the basis of adipose tissue stromal cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2009 Oct;148(4):719-24 Authors: Makarov AV, Arutyunyan IV, Bol'shakova GB, Volkov AV, Gol'dshtein DV We studied morphological changes in the paraurethral area of Wistar rats after introduction of tissue engineering constructs on the basis of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and gelatin sponge. The tissue engineering construct containing autologous culture of the stromal fraction of the adipose tissue was most effective. After introduction of this construct we observed more rapid degradation of the construct matrix and more intensive formation of collagen fibers. PMID: 20396777 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]   Pdx1-transfected adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vivo and reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. July 9, 2010 at 3:48 PM Related Articles Pdx1-transfected adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vivo and reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Int J Dev Biol. 2010;54(4):699-705 Authors: Kajiyama H, Hamazaki TS, Tokuhara M, Masui S, Okabayashi K, Ohnuma K, Yabe S, Yasuda K, Ishiura S, Okochi H, Asashima M Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by the rapid development of potentially severe metabolic abnormalities resulting from insulin deficiency. The transplantation of insulin-producing cells is a promising approach for the treatment of IDDM. The transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) plays an important role in the differentiation of pancreatic beta cells. In this study, the human Pdx1 gene was transduced and expressed in murine adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). To evaluate pancreatic repair, we used a mouse model of pancreatic damage resulting in hyperglycemia, which involves injection of mice with streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-treated mice transplanted with Pdx1-transduced ASCs (Pdx1-ASCs) showed significantly decreased blood glucose levels and increased survival, when compared with control mice. While stable expression of Pdx1 in ASCs did not induce the pancreatic phenotype in vitro in our experiment, the transplanted stem cells became engrafted in the pancreas, wherein they expressed insulin and C-peptide, which is a marker of insulin-producing cells. These results suggest that Pdx1-ASCs are stably engrafted in the pancreas, acquire a functional beta-cell phenotype, and partially restore pancreatic function in vivo. The ease and safety associated with extirpating high numbers of cells from adipose tissues support the applicability of this system to developing a new cell therapy for IDDM. PMID: 19757377 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]   This email was sent to agupta1213+termsc@gmail.com.  Account Login Don't want to receive this feed any longer? Unsubscribe here This email was carefully delivered by Feed My Inbox. 230 Franklin Road Suite 814 Franklin, TN 37064