|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Beginning Jan. 1, the California stem cell agency is expected to start bringing aboard a number of new employees as the 50-person cap on staff is lifted by a new state law.
One of those persons is expected to be a special projects coordinator who reports directly to CIRM President Alan Trounson. The post has a salary that that tops out at $224,536.
The new position has a wide range of duties | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tissue engineering in urethral reconstruction. F1000 Med Rep. 2010;2:65 Authors: Mangera A, Chapple CR Tissue engineering is an exciting and rapidly evolving technology. In this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the field of urethral reconstruction and consider the clinical implications and further advancement of these endeavours. PMID: 21173862 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Isolation and Detection of Protein with Nano-particles and Microchips for Analyzing Proteomes on a Large Scale Basis. Protein Pept Lett. 2010 Dec 20; Authors: Chan K, Ng TB The advent of sugar-immobilized gold nano-particles (SGNPs), lipid-based nanoparticles, nano-chromatography and nano-electrophoresis has revolutionized the methodology for protein purification and proteomic research. This review provides an overview on the effective method developed for fast purification of protein from extracts using SGNPs. In addition, the current application of microfluidic systems for analytical purposes in biochemistry will also be explored that include the micro total analysis systems (µ-TAS) and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) analyses which are capable of isolation and detection of protein at the nanogram level. Finally, we describe why the lipid-based nano-particles (LBNPs) can enable the analysis in microchip electroseparation and how anionic and cationic LBNPs can be used for protein separation. PMID: 21171949 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A Temporal Gene Delivery System based on Fibrin Microspheres. Mol Pharm. 2010 Dec 20; Authors: Kulkarni M, Greiser U, O'Brien T, Pandit A Combining complementary non-viral gene delivery vehicles such as tissue engineering scaffolds and liposomes is not only a promising avenue for development of safe and effective gene delivery system but also provides with an opportunity to design dynamic extended release systems with spatiotemporal control. However, the DNA loading capacity of scaffolds such as fibrin is limited. Fibrin microspheres carrying DNA complexes can be utilized to extend the capacity of fibrin scaffold. Here, in a proof of concept study, the feasibility of fibrin microspheres for extending gene delivery capacity is described. Towards this goal, fibrin microspheres encapsulating lipoplexes were fabricated. The structural and functional integrity of DNA was assessed respectively by gel electrophoresis and an in vivo pilot study, using endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as a model therapeutic gene in rabbit ear ulcer model of compromised wound healing. The results confirmed structural integrity and successful delivery and functional integrity, assessed qualitatively by angiogenic effect of eNOS. Finally, as a step towards development of "fibrin in fibrin" temporal release system, fibrin microspheres were shown to degrade and release DNA differentially as compared to fibrin scaffold. It can thus be concluded that the fibrin microspheres can be utilized for gene delivery to extend the capacity of fibrin scaffold and can form a component of "fibrin in fibrin" temporal release system. PMID: 21171649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Compound graft of porcine small intestinal submucosa with Schwann cells to reconstruct injured cavernous nerves and restore erectile function]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2010 Sep;16(9):834-9 Authors: Lu HK, Ren AJ, Sun XL, Gao EJ, Yu ZY, Yan B To investigate the restoration of rat penile erection by reconstructing injured cavernous nerves (CN) with a compound graft prepared from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and Schwann cells (SC). PMID: 21171271 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A tissue-engineering approach for stenosis of the trachea and/or cricoid. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2010 Nov;(563):79-83 Authors: Kanemaru S, Hirano S, Umeda H, Yamashita M, Suehiro A, Nakamura T, Maetani T, Omori K, Ito J This new regenerative therapy shows great potential for the treatment of stenosis of the trachea and/or cricoids (STC). PMID: 20879824 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Two stages in three-dimensional in vitro growth of tissue generated by osteoblastlike cells. Biointerphases. 2010 Jun;5(2):45-52 Authors: Kommareddy KP, Lange C, Rumpler M, Dunlop JW, Manjubala I, Cui J, Kratz K, Lendlein A, Fratzl P Bone regeneration is controlled by a variety of biochemical, biomechanical, cellular, and hormonal mechanisms. In particular, physical properties of the substrate such as stiffness and architecture highly influence the proliferation and differentiation of cells. The aim of this work is to understand the influence of scaffold stiffness and cell seeding densities on the formation of tissue by osteoblast cells within polyether urethane scaffolds containing pores of different sizes. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells were seeded on the scaffold, and the amount of tissue formed within the pores was analyzed for culture times up to 49 days by phase contrast microscopy. The authors show that the kinetics of three-dimensional tissue growth in these scaffolds follows two stages and can be described by a universal growth law. The first stage is dominated by cell-material interactions with cell adherence and differentiation being strongly dependent on the polymer material. After a delay time of a few weeks, cells begin to grow within their own matrix, the delay being strongly dependent on substrate stiffness and seeding protocols. In this later stage of growth, three-dimensional tissue amplification is controlled rather by the pore geometry than the scaffold material properties. This emphasizes how geometric constraints may guide tissue formation in vitro and shows that optimizing scaffold architectures may improve tissue formation independent of the scaffold material used. PMID: 20831348 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Melt-processable hydrophobic acrylonitrile-based copolymer systems with adjustable elastic properties designed for biomedical applications. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2010;45(2-4):401-11 Authors: Cui J, Trescher K, Kratz K, Jung F, Hiebl B, Lendlein A Acrylonitrile-based polymer systems (PAN) are comprehensively explored as versatile biomaterials having various potential biomedical applications, such as membranes for extra corporal devices or matrixes for guided skin reconstruction. The surface properties (e.g. hydrophilicity or charges) of such materials can be tailored over a wide range by variation of molecular parameters such as different co-monomers or their sequence structure. Some of these materials show interesting biofunctionalities such as capability for selective cell cultivation. So far, the majority of AN-based copolymers, which were investigated in physiological environments, were processed from the solution (e.g. membranes), as these materials are thermo-sensitive and might degrade when heated. In this work we aimed at the synthesis of hydrophobic, melt-processable AN-based copolymers with adjustable elastic properties for preparation of model scaffolds with controlled pore geometry and size. For this purpose a series of copolymers from acrylonitrile and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) was synthesized via free radical copolymerisation technique. The content of nBA in the copolymer varied from 45 wt% to 70 wt%, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) decreased from 58 degrees C to 20 degrees C with increasing nBA-content, which was in excellent agreement with the prediction of the Gordon-Taylor equation based on the Tgs of the homopolymers. The Young's modulus obtained in tensile tests was found to decrease significantly with rising nBA-content from 1062 MPa to 1.2 MPa. All copolymers could be successfully processed from the melt with processing temperatures ranging from 50 degrees C to 170 degrees C, whereby thermally induced decomposition was only observed at temperatures higher than 320 degrees C in thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the melt processed P(AN-co-nBA) biomaterials were sterilized with ethylene oxide and tested for cytotoxicity in direct contact tests with L929 cells according to the EN DIN ISO standard 10993-5. All tested samples exhibited non-toxic effects on the functional integrity of the cell membrane and the mitochondrial activity. However, the morphology of the cells on the samples was different from that observed on polystyrene as control, indicating slightly cytotoxic effects according to the evaluation guide of the US Pharmacopeial Convention. Thus, the melt-processable, hydrophobic P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers with adjustable mechanical properties are promising candidates for in vitro investigations of tissue growth kinetics. PMID: 20675924 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Experimental and computational characterization of designed and fabricated 50:50 PLGA porous scaffolds for human trabecular bone applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Aug;21(8):2371-83 Authors: Saito E, Kang H, Taboas JM, Diggs A, Flanagan CL, Hollister SJ The present study utilizes image-based computational methods and indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique to design and fabricate porous scaffolds, and then computationally estimates their elastic modulus and yield stress with experimental validation. 50:50 Poly (lactide-co-glycolide acid) (50:50 PLGA) porous scaffolds were designed using an image-based design technique, fabricated using indirect SFF technique, and characterized using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and mechanical testing. Micro-CT data was further used to non-destructively predict the scaffold elastic moduli and yield stress using a voxel-based finite element (FE) method, a technique that could find application in eventual scaffold quality control. Micro-CT data analysis confirmed that the fabricated scaffolds had controlled pore sizes, orthogonally interconnected pores and porosities which were identical to those of the designed files. Mechanical tests revealed that the compressive modulus and yield stresses were in the range of human trabecular bone. The results of FE analysis showed potential stress concentrations inside of the fabricated scaffold due to fabrication defects. Furthermore, the predicted moduli and yield stresses of the FE analysis showed strong correlations with those of the experiments. In the present study, we successfully fabricated scaffolds with designed architectures as well as predicted their mechanical properties in a nondestructive manner. PMID: 20524047 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Thermal preparation of highly porous calcium phosphate bone filler derived from marine algae. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Aug;21(8):2281-6 Authors: Walsh PJ, Walker GM, Maggs CA, Buchanan FJ A sustainable marine-derived bioceramic with a unique porous structure has been developed for hard tissue repair. The conversion of alga was achieved through a novel technique, involving well controlled thermal processing followed by low pressure-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. In its preparation, a heat treatment step was required to remove the organic compounds from the algae, which reinforces the mineralised matrices. Its removal is necessary to prevent issue such as immune biocompatibility and ensure phase purity of the resultant biomaterial. This paper investigates the hydrothermal technique used for the transformation of mineralised red algae to hydroxyapatite that preserves the algae's unique structure. It specifically focuses on the effects of heat treatment on the morphology of the algae, TGA, SEM and hot stage XRD to quantity the changes. PMID: 20333540 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hydroxyapatite bone substitutes developed via replication of natural marine sponges. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Aug;21(8):2255-61 Authors: Cunningham E, Dunne N, Walker G, Maggs C, Wilcox R, Buchanan F The application of synthetic cancellous bone has been shown to be highly successful when its architecture mimics that of the naturally interconnected trabeculae bone it aims to replace. The following investigation demonstrates the potential use of marine sponges as precursors in the production of ceramic based tissue engineered bone scaffolds. Three species of natural sponge, Dalmata Fina (Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, Adriatic Sea), Fina Silk (Spongia zimocca, Mediterranean) and Elephant Ear (Spongia agaricina, Caribbean) were selected for replication. A high solid content (80 %wt), low viscosity (126 mPas) hydroxyapatite slurry was developed, infiltrated into each sponge species and subsequently sintered, producing a scaffold structure that replicated pore architecture and interconnectivity of the precursor sponge. The most promising of the ceramic tissue engineered bone scaffolds developed, Spongia agaricina replicas, demonstrated an overall porosity of 56-61% with 83% of the pores ranging between 100 and 500 microm (average pore size 349 microm) and an interconnectivity of 99.92%. PMID: 20012771 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Regenerative Medicine , January 2011, Vol. 6, No. 1, Pages 1-3.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Concomitant cellular reactions in optic nerve siderosis existing for 30 years.] Ophthalmologe. 2010 Dec 22; Authors: Prokosch V, Spieker T, Merte RL, Thanos S Metal foreign bodies located in the optic nerve are a rare clinical picture and sooner or later often associated with vision loss. We report on a patient who had a foreign body in the optic nerve for 30 years. Histochemical analysis of the optic nerve after the requisite enucleation with complete functional loss of the eye revealed amazing results. Even 30 years after entry of the foreign body into the optic nerve neuronal structures with organized axons surrounded by cytoblasts, glial cells, and immunocompetent cells still remoined. These findings hold out hope and may serve as the starting point for regenerative medicine to potentially restore neuronal function. PMID: 21174099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human platelets: one step closer to the clinic. J Exp Med. 2010 Dec 20;207(13):2781-4 Authors: Gekas C, Graf T The era of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells carries with it the promise of virtually unlimited sources of autologous cells for regenerative medicine. However, efficiently differentiating iPS cells into fully functional mature cell types remains challenging. A new study reporting the formation of fully functional platelets from human iPS (hiPS) cells improves upon recent efforts to generate this enucleated cell type, which remains in high demand for therapeutic transfusions. Notably, their lack of nucleus renders platelets unable to retain the pluripotent or tumorigenic properties of iPS cells. PMID: 21173109 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in skeletal muscle and white fat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 20; Authors: Schulz TJ, Huang TL, Tran TT, Zhang H, Townsend KL, Shadrach JL, Cerletti M, McDougall LE, Giorgadze N, Tchkonia T, Schrier D, Falb D, Kirkland JL, Wagers AJ, Tseng YH Brown fat is specialized for energy expenditure and has therefore been proposed to function as a defense against obesity. Despite recent advances in delineating the transcriptional regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation, cellular lineage specification and developmental cues specifying brown-fat cell fate remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify and isolate a subpopulation of adipogenic progenitors (Sca-1(+)/CD45(-)/Mac1(-); referred to as Sca-1(+) progenitor cells, ScaPCs) residing in murine brown fat, white fat, and skeletal muscle. ScaPCs derived from different tissues possess unique molecular expression signatures and adipogenic capacities. Importantly, although the ScaPCs from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) are constitutively committed brown-fat progenitors, Sca-1(+) cells from skeletal muscle and subcutaneous white fat are highly inducible to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes upon stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). Consistent with these findings, human preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous white fat also exhibit the greatest inducible capacity to become brown adipocytes compared with cells isolated from mesenteric or omental white fat. When muscle-resident ScaPCs are re-engrafted into skeletal muscle of syngeneic mice, BMP7-treated ScaPCs efficiently develop into adipose tissue with brown fat-specific characteristics. Importantly, ScaPCs from obesity-resistant mice exhibit markedly higher thermogenic capacity compared with cells isolated from obesity-prone mice. These data establish the molecular characteristics of tissue-resident adipose progenitors and demonstrate a dynamic interplay between these progenitors and inductive signals that act in concert to specify brown adipocyte development. PMID: 21173238 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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