|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chitosan improves the biological performance of soy-based biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Sep;16(9):2883-90 Authors: Santos TC, Marques AP, Silva SS, Oliveira JM, Mano JF, Castro AG, van Griensven M, Reis RL Soybean protein has been proposed for distinct applications within nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries among others. More recently, soy-based biomaterials have also demonstrated promising properties for biomedical applications. However, although many reports within other fields exist, the inflammatory/immunogenic potential of those materials is still poorly understood and therefore can hardly be controlled. On the contrary, chitosan (Cht) has been well explored in the biomedical field, either by itself or combined with synthetic or other natural-based polymers. Therefore, the combination of chitosan with soybean protein is foreseen as a suitable approach to control the biological behavior of soy-based biomaterials. Under this context this work was designed to try to understand the influence of chitosan in the host response elicited by soy-based biomaterials. Soybean protein isolate powder (SI-P) and Cht powder (Cht-P) were injected as suspension into the intraperitoneal cavity of rats. SI-P induced the recruitment of higher numbers of leukocytes compared to the Cht-P during the entire observation period. In this sense, SI-P elicited a considerable reaction from the host comparing to the Cht-P, which elicited leukocyte recruitment similar to the negative control. After subcutaneous implantation of the soybean and denatured membranes, (SI-M and dSI-M) a severe host inflammatory reaction was observed. Conversely, Cht/soy-based membranes (Cht/soy-based membranes) showed the induction of a normal host response after subcutaneous implantation in rats, which allowed concluding that the addition of chitosan to the soy-based membranes improved their in vivo performance. Thus, the presented results assert the improvement of the host response, considering inflammatory cells recruitment, and overall inflammatory reaction, when chitosan is combined to soybean. Together with previous results that reported their promising physicochemical characteristics and their inability to activate human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro, the herein presented conclusions reinforce the usefulness of the Cht/soy-based membranes and justify the pursue for a specific application within the biomedical field. PMID: 20486796 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chondrogenesis of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin/hyaluronan composite scaffold in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Dec 28; Authors: Min BH, Park S, Choi BH, Park SR Scaffold material is expected to play a crucial role in induction of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering. Here we demonstrated the feasibility of a fibrin/hyaluronan (HA) composite hydrogel as a potent scaffold for support of chondrogenesis of rabbit MSCs (rMSCs). rMSCs were prepared in three dimensional (3D) cultures of pellet, alginate layer, and fibrin/HA gel. Specimens in each group were cultured in chondrogenic defined media for 4 weeks in the absence or presence of TGF-1 treatment. Viability of rMSCs was somewhat reduced until 4 weeks, which was less significant in fibrin/HA gels than in the alginate layer (*p<0.05). The fibrin/HA group showed transient size reduction by about 35% at 1 week, but showed significantly higher mechanical strength than the alginate group. In safranin-O and alcian blue stains, accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was observed clearly from 1 week, and homogenously in the entire area at 4 weeks in the fibrin/HA group. Of note, TGF-1 treatment showed no additional effect on GAGs accumulation in the fibrin/HA group. The alginate and pellet groups, however, showed much lower levels of GAGs accumulation only in the presence of TGF-1. Biochemical assays for GAGs and collagen, and expression of chondrogenic markers also showed much better results in the fibrin/HA group, even without TGF-b treatment than the other groups. These results demonstrated that fibrin/HA composite gel efficiently promoted chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs, even without TGF- treatment, and that it could be a useful tool for use in cartilage tissue engineering. PMID: 21189070 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Osteochondral tissue formation through adipose-derived stromal cell differentiation on biomimetic polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds with graded insulin and beta-glycerol phosphate concentrations. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Dec 28; Authors: Erisken C, Kalyon D, Wang H, Ornek C, Xu J The ability to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds containing systematic gradients in the distributions of stimulators provides additional means for the mimicking of the important gradients observed in native tissues. Here the concentration distributions of two bioactive agents were varied concomitantly for the first time (one increasing while the other decreasing monotonically) in between the two sides of a nanofibrous scaffold. This was achieved via the application of a new processing method, i.e., the twin screw extrusion and electrospinning method, to generate gradients of insulin, a stimulator of chondrogenic differentiation, and β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP), for mineralization. The graded poly(ε-caprolactone) mesh was seeded with human adipose-derived stromal cells (h-ADSCs) and cultured over a period of eight weeks. The resulting tissue constructs were analyzed for and revealed indications of selective differentiation of h-ADSCs towards chondrogenic lineage and mineralization as functions of position and the corresponding concentrations of insulin and β-GP. Chondrogenic differentiation of the stem cells increased at insulin-rich locations and mineralization increased at β-GP rich locations. PMID: 21189068 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chitosan improves the biological performance of soy-based biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Sep;16(9):2883-90 Authors: Santos TC, Marques AP, Silva SS, Oliveira JM, Mano JF, Castro AG, van Griensven M, Reis RL Soybean protein has been proposed for distinct applications within nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries among others. More recently, soy-based biomaterials have also demonstrated promising properties for biomedical applications. However, although many reports within other fields exist, the inflammatory/immunogenic potential of those materials is still poorly understood and therefore can hardly be controlled. On the contrary, chitosan (Cht) has been well explored in the biomedical field, either by itself or combined with synthetic or other natural-based polymers. Therefore, the combination of chitosan with soybean protein is foreseen as a suitable approach to control the biological behavior of soy-based biomaterials. Under this context this work was designed to try to understand the influence of chitosan in the host response elicited by soy-based biomaterials. Soybean protein isolate powder (SI-P) and Cht powder (Cht-P) were injected as suspension into the intraperitoneal cavity of rats. SI-P induced the recruitment of higher numbers of leukocytes compared to the Cht-P during the entire observation period. In this sense, SI-P elicited a considerable reaction from the host comparing to the Cht-P, which elicited leukocyte recruitment similar to the negative control. After subcutaneous implantation of the soybean and denatured membranes, (SI-M and dSI-M) a severe host inflammatory reaction was observed. Conversely, Cht/soy-based membranes (Cht/soy-based membranes) showed the induction of a normal host response after subcutaneous implantation in rats, which allowed concluding that the addition of chitosan to the soy-based membranes improved their in vivo performance. Thus, the presented results assert the improvement of the host response, considering inflammatory cells recruitment, and overall inflammatory reaction, when chitosan is combined to soybean. Together with previous results that reported their promising physicochemical characteristics and their inability to activate human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro, the herein presented conclusions reinforce the usefulness of the Cht/soy-based membranes and justify the pursue for a specific application within the biomedical field. PMID: 20486796 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tissue-engineered three-dimensional in vitro models for normal and diseased kidney. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Sep;16(9):2821-31 Authors: Subramanian B, Rudym D, Cannizzaro C, Perrone R, Zhou J, Kaplan DL Morphogenesis of epithelial cells involves processes by which kidney shape and function are regulated. The lack of in vitro models that are sustainable for longer time periods and emulating complex intercellular interactions of the kidney have limited understanding about epithelial tissue morphogenesis and its aberrations in diseases such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). A sustainable three-dimensional (3D) coculture system for normal and diseased kidney tissues is reported here. Tubule- and ADPKD cyst-derived cells were cultured in extracellular matrix molecules infused into 3D porous silk scaffolds, and these cultures were subsequently extended into a perfusion bioreactor. The results indicated collagen-matrigel-mediated morphogenesis for both (normal and disease) cell types and also supported coculturing with fibroblasts. The structural and functional features of the kidney-like tissue structures were validated based on the distribution of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Na+ K+ ATPase pump, and cellular uptake of the organic anion (6-carboxy fluorescein). Further, the structures were sustained for longer time periods using a perfusion bioreactor to demonstrate the potential utility of this 3D in vitro coculture system for ADPKD research, other epithelial tissue systems, and for in vitro drug screening. PMID: 20486787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Repair of traumatic skeletal muscle injury with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Sep;16(9):2871-81 Authors: Merritt EK, Cannon MV, Hammers DW, Le LN, Gokhale R, Sarathy A, Song TJ, Tierney MT, Suggs LJ, Walters TJ, Farrar RP Skeletal muscle injury resulting in tissue loss poses unique challenges for surgical repair. Despite the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle, if a significant amount of tissue is lost, skeletal myofibers will not grow to fill the injured area completely. Prior work in our lab has shown the potential to fill the void with an extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, resulting in restoration of morphology, but not functional recovery. To improve the functional outcome of the injured muscle, a muscle-derived ECM was implanted into a 1 x 1 cm(2), full-thickness defect in the lateral gastrocnemius (LGAS) of Lewis rats. Seven days later, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected directly into the implanted ECM. Partial functional recovery occurred over the course of 42 days when the LGAS was repaired with an MSC-seeded ECM producing 85.4 +/- 3.6% of the contralateral LGAS. This was significantly higher than earlier recovery time points (p < 0.05). The specific tension returned to 94 +/- 9% of the contralateral limb. The implanted MSC-seeded ECM had more blood vessels and regenerating skeletal myofibers than the ECM without cells (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the repair of a skeletal muscle defect injury by the implantation of a muscle-derived ECM seeded with MSCs can improve functional recovery after 42 days. PMID: 20412030 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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