|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Crosslink Effect and Albumin Adsorption onto Chitosan/Alginate Multilayered Systems: An in situ QCM-D Study. Macromol Biosci. 2010 Dec 8;10(12):1444-1455 Authors: Martins GV, Merino EG, Mano JF, Alves NM The adsorption of HSA onto CHI/ALG multilayer assemblies was assessed in situ using QCM-D. It was found that the behavior of HSA on biomaterials surface can be tuned by adjusting parameters of the polyelectrolyte system such as pH, layer number, crosslinker and polymer terminal layer. Our results confirmed the key role of electrostatic interactions during HSA adsorption, since oppositely charged surfaces were more effective in promoting protein adhesion. QCM-D data revealed that crosslinking (CHI/ALG)(5) CHI films allows HSA to become adsorbed in physiological conditions. Our results suggested that the biological potential of biopolymers and the mild conditions of the LbL technique turn these natural nanoassemblies into a suitable choice to be used as pH-sensitive coatings. PMID: 21125694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Optimizing the medium perfusion rate in bone tissue engineering bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Grayson WL, Marolt D, Bhumiratana S, Fröhlich M, Guo E, Vunjak-Novakovic G There is a critical need to increase the size of bone grafts that can be cultured in vitro for use in regenerative medicine. Perfusion bioreactors have been used to improve the nutrient and gas transfer capabilities and reduce the size limitations inherent to static culture, as well as to modulate cellular responses by hydrodynamic shear. Our aim was to understand the effects of medium flow velocity on cellular phenotype and the formation of bone-like tissues in threedimensional engineered constructs. We utilized custom-designed perfusion bioreactors to culture bone constructs for five weeks using a wide range of superficial flow velocities (80, 400, 800, 1200 and 1800 µm/s), corresponding to estimated initial shear stresses ranging from 0.6 - 20 mPa. Increasing the flow velocity significantly affected cell morphology, cell-cell interactions, matrix production and composition, and the expression of osteogenic genes. Within the range studied, the flow velocities ranging from 400 to 800 µm/s yielded the best overall osteogenic responses. Using mathematical models, we determined that even at the lowest flowvelocity (80 µm/s) the oxygen provided was sufficient to maintain viability of the cells within the construct. Yet it was clear that this flow-velocity did not adequately support the development of bone-like tissue. The complexity of the cellular responses found at different flow-velocities underscores the need to use a range of evaluation parameters to determine the quality of engineered-bone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 21125596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modelling of shear stress experienced by endothelial cells cultured on microstructured polymer substrates in a parallel plate flow chamber. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Brown A, Burke G, Meenan BJ The application of physical stimuli to cell populations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine may facilitate significant scientific and clinical advances. However, for the most part, these stimuli are evaluated in isolation, rather than in combination. This study was designed to combine two physical stimuli. The first being a microstructured tissue culture polystyrene substrate, known to produce changes in cell shape and orientation, and the second being laminar shear stress in a parallel plate flow chamber. The combined effects of these stimuli on endothelial cell monolayers cells were evaluated in a parallel plate flow chamber and using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The topography of the cell monolayers cultured on different microstructured surfaces was determined using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and this topographic information was used to construct the CFD model. This research found that while the specific underlying structures were effectively planarized by the cell monolayer, significant differences in cell shape and orientation were observed on the different microstructured surfaces. Cells cultured on grooved substrates aligned in the direction of the grooves and showed higher retention after 1 hour LSS conditioning than those cultured on pillars. The modelled shear stress distributions also showed differences. While minor differences in the magnitude of shear stress were noted, aligned cell monolayers experienced significantly lower spatial gradients of shear stress when compared with cells that were not pre-aligned by surface features. The results presented here provide an analysis of how one form of physical stimulus can be moderated by another and also provide a methodology by which the understanding of cell responses to topographic and mechanical stimuli can be further advanced. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 21125591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reduction of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated or Cultured under Feeder- and Serum-Free Defined Conditions. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e14099 Authors: Hayashi Y, Chan T, Warashina M, Fukuda M, Ariizumi T, Okabayashi K, Takayama N, Otsu M, Eto K, Furue MK, Michiue T, Ohnuma K, Nakauchi H, Asashima M BACKGROUND: The successful establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has increased the possible applications of stem cell research in biology and medicine. In particular, hiPSCs are a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine and pharmacology. However, one of the major obstacles to such uses for hiPSCs is the risk of contamination from undefined pathogens in conventional culture conditions that use serum replacement and mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report a simple method for generating or culturing hiPSCs under feeder- and serum-free defined culture conditions that we developed previously for human embryonic stem cells. The defined culture condition comprises a basal medium with a minimal number of defined components including five highly purified proteins and fibronectin as a substrate. First, hiPSCs, which were generated using Yamanaka's four factors and conventional undefined culture conditions, adapted to the defined culture conditions. These adapted cells retained the property of self renewal as evaluated morphologically, the expression of self-renewal marker proteins, standard growth rates, and pluripotency as evaluated by differentiation into derivatives of all three primary germ layers in vitro and in vivo (teratoma formation in immunodeficient mice). Moreover, levels of nonhuman N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is a xenoantigenic indicator of pathogen contamination in human iPS cell cultures, were markedly decreased in hiPSCs cultured under the defined conditions. Second, we successfully generated hiPSCs using adult dermal fibroblast under the defined culture conditions from the reprogramming step. For a long therm culture, the generated cells also had the property of self renewal and pluripotency, they carried a normal karyotype, and they were Neu5Gc negative. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggested that generation or adaption culturing under defined culture conditions can eliminate the risk posed by undefined pathogens. This success in generating hiPSCs using adult fibroblast would be beneficial for clinical application. PMID: 21124894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The Lkb1 metabolic sensor maintains haematopoietic stem cell survival. Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):659-663 Authors: Gurumurthy S, Xie SZ, Alagesan B, Kim J, Yusuf RZ, Saez B, Tzatsos A, Ozsolak F, Milos P, Ferrari F, Park PJ, Shirihai OS, Scadden DT, Bardeesy N Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can convert between growth states that have marked differences in bioenergetic needs. Although often quiescent in adults, these cells become proliferative upon physiological demand. Balancing HSC energetics in response to nutrient availability and growth state is poorly understood, yet essential for the dynamism of the haematopoietic system. Here we show that the Lkb1 tumour suppressor is critical for the maintenance of energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells. Lkb1 inactivation in adult mice causes loss of HSC quiescence followed by rapid depletion of all haematopoietic subpopulations. Lkb1-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit mitochondrial defects, alterations in lipid and nucleotide metabolism, and depletion of cellular ATP. The haematopoietic effects are largely independent of Lkb1 regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Instead, these data define a central role for Lkb1 in restricting HSC entry into cell cycle and in broadly maintaining energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells through a novel metabolic checkpoint. PMID: 21124451 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Crosslink Effect and Albumin Adsorption onto Chitosan/Alginate Multilayered Systems: An in situ QCM-D Study. Macromol Biosci. 2010 Dec 8;10(12):1444-1455 Authors: Martins GV, Merino EG, Mano JF, Alves NM The adsorption of HSA onto CHI/ALG multilayer assemblies was assessed in situ using QCM-D. It was found that the behavior of HSA on biomaterials surface can be tuned by adjusting parameters of the polyelectrolyte system such as pH, layer number, crosslinker and polymer terminal layer. Our results confirmed the key role of electrostatic interactions during HSA adsorption, since oppositely charged surfaces were more effective in promoting protein adhesion. QCM-D data revealed that crosslinking (CHI/ALG)(5) CHI films allows HSA to become adsorbed in physiological conditions. Our results suggested that the biological potential of biopolymers and the mild conditions of the LbL technique turn these natural nanoassemblies into a suitable choice to be used as pH-sensitive coatings. PMID: 21125694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Optimizing the medium perfusion rate in bone tissue engineering bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Grayson WL, Marolt D, Bhumiratana S, Fröhlich M, Guo E, Vunjak-Novakovic G There is a critical need to increase the size of bone grafts that can be cultured in vitro for use in regenerative medicine. Perfusion bioreactors have been used to improve the nutrient and gas transfer capabilities and reduce the size limitations inherent to static culture, as well as to modulate cellular responses by hydrodynamic shear. Our aim was to understand the effects of medium flow velocity on cellular phenotype and the formation of bone-like tissues in threedimensional engineered constructs. We utilized custom-designed perfusion bioreactors to culture bone constructs for five weeks using a wide range of superficial flow velocities (80, 400, 800, 1200 and 1800 µm/s), corresponding to estimated initial shear stresses ranging from 0.6 - 20 mPa. Increasing the flow velocity significantly affected cell morphology, cell-cell interactions, matrix production and composition, and the expression of osteogenic genes. Within the range studied, the flow velocities ranging from 400 to 800 µm/s yielded the best overall osteogenic responses. Using mathematical models, we determined that even at the lowest flowvelocity (80 µm/s) the oxygen provided was sufficient to maintain viability of the cells within the construct. Yet it was clear that this flow-velocity did not adequately support the development of bone-like tissue. The complexity of the cellular responses found at different flow-velocities underscores the need to use a range of evaluation parameters to determine the quality of engineered-bone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 21125596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modelling of shear stress experienced by endothelial cells cultured on microstructured polymer substrates in a parallel plate flow chamber. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Brown A, Burke G, Meenan BJ The application of physical stimuli to cell populations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine may facilitate significant scientific and clinical advances. However, for the most part, these stimuli are evaluated in isolation, rather than in combination. This study was designed to combine two physical stimuli. The first being a microstructured tissue culture polystyrene substrate, known to produce changes in cell shape and orientation, and the second being laminar shear stress in a parallel plate flow chamber. The combined effects of these stimuli on endothelial cell monolayers cells were evaluated in a parallel plate flow chamber and using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The topography of the cell monolayers cultured on different microstructured surfaces was determined using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and this topographic information was used to construct the CFD model. This research found that while the specific underlying structures were effectively planarized by the cell monolayer, significant differences in cell shape and orientation were observed on the different microstructured surfaces. Cells cultured on grooved substrates aligned in the direction of the grooves and showed higher retention after 1 hour LSS conditioning than those cultured on pillars. The modelled shear stress distributions also showed differences. While minor differences in the magnitude of shear stress were noted, aligned cell monolayers experienced significantly lower spatial gradients of shear stress when compared with cells that were not pre-aligned by surface features. The results presented here provide an analysis of how one form of physical stimulus can be moderated by another and also provide a methodology by which the understanding of cell responses to topographic and mechanical stimuli can be further advanced. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 21125591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical Analysis of Multilineage Differentiated Human Dental Pulp- and Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Struys T, Moreels M, Martens W, Donders R, Wolfs E, Lambrichts I Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising stem cell types due to their availability and relatively simple requirements for in vitro expansion and genetic manipulation. Besides the well-characterized MSCs derived from bone marrow, there is growing evidence suggesting that dental pulp and the umbilical cord matrix both contain a substantial amount of cells having properties similar to those of MSCs. In order to assess the potential of dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSC) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCSC) in future clinical applications, it is essential to gain more insight into their differentiation capacity and to evaluate the tissues formed by these cells. In the present study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of DPSC and UCSC induced towards osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were investigated. Cultured DPSC and UCSC showed a similar expression pattern of antigens characteristic of MSCs including CD105, CD29, CD44, CD146, and STRO-1. Under appropriate culture conditions, both DPSC and UCSC showed chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. Adipogenesis could be only partially induced in DPSC resulting in the de novo expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP), whereas UCSC expressed FABP combined with a very high accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Our results demonstrate, at the biochemical and ultrastructural level, that DPSC display at least bilineage potential, whereas UCSC, which are developmentally more primitive cells, show trilineage potential. We emphasize that transmission electron microscopical analysis is useful to elucidate detailed structural information and provides indisputable evidence of differentiation. These findings highlight their potential therapeutic value for cell-based tissue engineering. PMID: 21124001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rheological Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives as Injectable Materials Toward Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration. J Biomater Appl. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Gloria A, Borzacchiello A, Causa F, Ambrosio L Nucleus pulposus (NP) is the soft center of the intervertebral disc (IVD), able to resist compressive loads, while the annulus fibrosus withstands tension and gives mechanical strength. NP function may be altered as consequence of several pathologies or injury and when a damaged IVD does not properly play its role. In the past years, a great effort has been devoted to the design of injectable systems as NP substitutes. The different synthetic- and natural hydrogel-based materials proposed, present many drawbacks and, in particular, they do not seem to mimic the required behavior. In the search for natural-based systems a dodecylamide of hyaluronic acid (HA), HYADD3(®), has been proved as bioactive and suitable vehicle to carry cells for NP tissue engineering, while a crosslinked HA ester, HYAFF120(®) showed interesting results if used as injectable acellular material. Even though these derivatives showed appropriate biological behavior up to now, data on mechanical behavior of these derivatives are still missing. In this frame, the aim of this study was to provide a rheological characterization of these HA derivatives to asses their biomechanical compatibility with the NP tissue. To this, the rheological properties of these derivatives were studied through dynamic shear tests before and after injection through needles used in the current surgical procedure. Both HA derivatives showed a 'gel-like' rheological behavior similar to the native NP tissue and this behavior was not altered by injection. PMID: 21123283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Effects of Low Concentration BMP-7 on Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes: Comparison of Different Applications. J Biomater Appl. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Gavenis K, Heussen N, Schmidt-Rohlfing B While BMP-7 (OP-1) is one of the most potent growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering, the effects of exogenous low concentration BMP-7 on osteoarthritic chondrocytes are still unknown. Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes obtained from the femoral condyles of 10 patients were grown either in monolayer or in 3D collagen type-I gel culture in vitro. The growth factor was either given as a single dose of 50 ng/mL, a repeated dose, or continuously released from PGLA microspheres. Matrix formation was monitored by immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR. In contrast to monolayer culture, the differentiated phenotype was prevailed in 3D culture. Collagen type-II protein production in the 3D group with a continuous BMP-7 release was enhanced in comparison to all other groups. Gene expression of collagen type-II and aggrecan was elevated in all treatment groups, with the highest extent in the BMP-7 microsphere group. In summary, treatment of articular chondrocytes with a low dose of BMP-7 leads to an elevated production of extracellular matrix components. This effect is further increased when BMP-7 is given repeatedly or continuously, which proved to be the most effective form of application. PMID: 21123280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zinc finger protein 467 is a novel regulator of osteoblast and adipocyte commitment. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 1; Authors: Quach JM, Walker EC, Allan E, Solano M, Yokoyama A, Gillespie MT, Kato S, Sims NA, Martin TJ Osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from common mesenchymal progenitor cells. The bone loss of osteoporosis is associated with altered progenitor differentiation from an osteoblastic to an adipocytic lineage. cDNA microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) were carried out in a differentiating mouse stromal osteoblastic cell line, Kusa 4b10, to identify gene targets of factors that stimulate osteoblast differentiation including parathyroid hormone (PTH) and gp130-binding cytokines, oncostatin M (OSM) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1). Zinc-finger protein 467 (Zfp467) was rapidly downregulated by PTH, OSM and CT-1. Retroviral overexpression and RNA interference for Zfp467 in mouse stromal cells showed that this factor stimulated adipocyte formation and inhibited osteoblast commitment compared to controls. Regulation of adipocyte markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-)gamma, C/EBP-alpha, adiponectin, and resistin, and late osteoblast / osteocyte markers (osteocalcin and sclerostin) by Zfp467 was confirmed by Q-PCR. Intra-tibial injection of calvarial cells transduced with retroviral Zfp467 doubled the number of marrow adipocytes in C57Bl/6 mice compared to vector control-transduced cells, providing in vivo confirmation of a pro-adipogenic role of Zfp467. Furthermore, Zfp467 transactivated a PPAR-response element reporter construct and recruited a histone deacetylase complex. Thus Zfp467 is a novel co-factor that promotes adipocyte differentiation and suppresses osteoblast differentiation. This has relevance to therapeutic interventions in osteoporosis, including PTH-based therapies currently available, and may be of relevance for the use of adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering. PMID: 21123171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Immobilization of anti-CD31 antibody on electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) scaffolds through hydrophobins for specific adhesion of endothelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010 Nov 3; Authors: Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang Z, Feng S, Xu H, Zhao Q, Wang S, Fang J, Qiao M, Kong D Hydrophilicity improvement and bioactive surface design of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) grafts are of key importance for their application in tissue engineering. Herein, we develop a convenient approach for achieving stable hydrophilic surfaces by modifying electrospun PCL grafts with a class II hydrophobin (HFBI) coating. Static water contact angles (WCA) demonstrated the conversion of the PCL grafts from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after the introduction of amphiphilic HFBI. ATR-FTIR and XPS confirmed the presence of self-assembled HFBI films on the surface of the PCL nanofibers. The biocompatibility of the HFBI-modified PCL grafts was evaluated by cell proliferation in vitro, and by arteriovenous shunt (AV shunt) experiments ex vivo. Anti-CD31 antibody, which is specific for endothelial cells (ECs), was subsequently immobilized on the HFBI-coated PCL scaffolds through protein-protein interactions. This bioactive PCL graft was found to promote the attachment and retention of endothelial cells. These results suggest that this stepwise strategy for introducing cell-specific binding molecules into PCL scaffolds may have potential for development of vascular grafts that can endothelialize rapidly in vivo. PMID: 21123036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cellular uptake of protein-bound magnetic nanoparticles in pulsed magnetic field. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Dec;10(12):7965-70 Authors: Lee CH, Chen CB, Chung TH, Lin YS, Lee WC A method for fast delivery of proteins conjugated to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) into mammalian cells by applying a strong magnetic field in pulses was proposed. Firstly, SPION were prepared from an alkaline solution of divalent and trivalent iron ions and covalently bound with protein through the activation of N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). After fluorescently labelling, the protein-nanoparticle conjugate was mixed with mammalian cell line and exposed to a pulsed magnetic field for short durations of few milliseconds. Results suggested that superparamagnetic nanoparticles were able to carry proteins into living cells immediately. Cellular internalization of the fluorescently labelled protein-nanoparticle conjugate was proved by the observation of cell fluorescence in a fluorescent microscopy, as well as cell analysis by a flow cytometer. We found that the cellular uptake was accomplished dominantly by the process of bombardment of magnetic nanoparticles. PMID: 21121284 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The hooha about CIRM Chairman Robert Klein and his maladroit attempts to manipulate the election of his successor generated little attention today in the mainstream media, but left an Internet legacy that may haunt the agency for some time.
Only three newspapers carried a story as far as we can tell: the San Francisco Business Times, the Los Angeles Times and The Sacramento Bee. The most | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adult Stem Cells: From New Cell Sources to Changes in Methodology. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Dec 2; Authors: Pelacho B, Mazo M, Gavira JJ, Prósper F Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Alternative treatments like transplantation of (stem) cell populations derived from several adult tissue sources, like the bone marrow, skeletal muscle, or even adipose tissue, have been already employed in diverse clinical trials. Results from these studies and previous animal studies have reached to the conclusion that stem cells induce a benefit in the treated hearts, which is exerted mainly through paracrine mechanisms and not through direct differentiation as it was initially expected. However, a strong technical limitation for the stem cell therapy, which is the low level of cell survival and engraftment, diminishes their potential. Thus, new strategies like combination of the cells with bioengineering techniques have been developed and are being subject of intense research, suggesting that new strategies may improve the efficacy of these therapies. In this review, we will discuss the different therapeutic approaches, drawbacks, and future expectations of new regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases. PMID: 21125433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adult Stem Cells: From New Cell Sources to Changes in Methodology. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Dec 2; Authors: Pelacho B, Mazo M, Gavira JJ, Prósper F Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Alternative treatments like transplantation of (stem) cell populations derived from several adult tissue sources, like the bone marrow, skeletal muscle, or even adipose tissue, have been already employed in diverse clinical trials. Results from these studies and previous animal studies have reached to the conclusion that stem cells induce a benefit in the treated hearts, which is exerted mainly through paracrine mechanisms and not through direct differentiation as it was initially expected. However, a strong technical limitation for the stem cell therapy, which is the low level of cell survival and engraftment, diminishes their potential. Thus, new strategies like combination of the cells with bioengineering techniques have been developed and are being subject of intense research, suggesting that new strategies may improve the efficacy of these therapies. In this review, we will discuss the different therapeutic approaches, drawbacks, and future expectations of new regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases. PMID: 21125433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Basic Science Review on Adipose Tissue for Clinicians. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Dec;126(6):1936-1946 Authors: Brown SA, Levi B, Lequex C, Wong VW, Mojallal A, Longaker MT SUMMARY:: The recognition that fat contains stem cells has driven further examination into the potential uses of fat and adipose-derived stem cells in a wide number of clinical situations. New information about the harvesting, isolation, and subsequent differentiation properties of isolated adipose-derived stem cells has led to new research into novel tissue-engineered constructs and the transformation of adipose-derived stem cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. Clinically, use of fat grafts and adipose-derived stem cells worldwide and in the United States has dramatically increased in parallel to questions concerning the safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem cell-based treatments. Currently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved the use of isolated adipose-derived stem cells for medical indications. PMID: 21124133 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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