|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate to keratocytes in vitro. Mol Vis. 2010;16:2680-9 Authors: Du Y, Roh DS, Funderburgh ML, Mann MM, Marra KG, Rubin JP, Li X, Funderburgh JL Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are an abundant population of adult stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several specialized tissue types, including neural and neural crest-derived cells. This study sought to determine if ADSC express keratocyte-specific phenotypic markers when cultured under conditions inducing differentiation of corneal stromal stem cells to keratocytes. PMID: 21179234 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prospective influences of circadian clocks in adipose tissue and metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Dec 21; Authors: Gimble JM, Sutton GM, Bunnell BA, Ptitsyn AA, Floyd ZE Circadian rhythms make a critical contribution to endocrine functions that involve adipose tissue. These contributions are made at the systemic, organ and stem cell levels. The transcription factors and enzymes responsible for the maintenance of circadian rhythms in adipose depots and other peripheral tissues that are metabolically active have now been identified. Furthermore, the circadian regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism is well-established. Animal and human models provide strong evidence that disturbances in circadian pathways are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and their comorbidities. Thus, circadian mechanisms represent a novel putative target for therapy in patients with metabolic diseases. PMID: 21178997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Biological and physicochemical characterization of a serum- and xeno-free chemically defined cryopreservation procedure for adult human progenitor cells. Cell Transplant. 2010 Dec 22; Authors: Zeisberger SM, Schulz JC, Mairhofer M, Ponsaerts P, Wouters G, Doerr D, Katsen-Globa A, Ehrbar M, Hescheler J, Hoerstrup SP, Zisch AH, Kolbus A, Zimmermann H While therapeutic cell transplantations using progenitor cells are increasingly evolving towards phase I and II clinical trials and chemically defined cell-culture is established, standardization in biobanking is still in the stage of infancy. In this study, the EU FP6-funded CRYSTAL (CRYo-banking of Stem cells for human Therapeutic AppLications) consortium aimed to validate novel Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to perform and validate xeno-free and chemically defined cryopreservation of human progenitor cells and to reduce the amount of the potentially toxic cryoprotectant additive (CPA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To achieve this goal, three human adult progenitor- and stem cell populations - umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived erythroid cells (UCB-ECs), UCB-derived endothelial colony forming cells (UCB-ECFCs), and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) - were cryopreserved in chemically defined medium supplemented with 10% or 5% DMSO. Cell recovery, cell repopulation and functionality were evaluated post-thaw in comparison to cryopreservation in standard fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing freezing medium. Even with a reduction of the DMSO CPA to 5%, post-thaw cell count and viability assays indicated no overall significant difference versus standard cryomedium. Additionally, to compare cellular morphology/membrane integrity and ice crystal formation during cryopreservation, multiphoton laser scanning cryomicroscopy (cryo-MPLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Neither cryo-MPLSM nor SEM indicated differences in membrane integrity for the tested cell populations under various conditions. Moreover, no influence was observed on functional properties of the cells following cryopreservation in chemically defined freezing medium, except for UCB-ECs which showed a significantly reduced differentiation capacity after cryopreservation in chemical defined medium supplemented with 5% DMSO. In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of standardized xeno-free cryopreservation of different human progenitor cells and encourage their use even more in the field of tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine. PMID: 21176408 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Collagen IV Significantly Enhances Migration and Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cells: Involvement of α2β1 Integrin-mediated Actin Remodeling. Cell Transplant. 2010 Dec 22; Authors: Li HY, Liao CY, Lee KH, Chang HC, Chen YJ, Chao KC, Chang SP, Cheng HY, Chang CM, Chang YL, Hung SC, Sung YJ, Chiou SH Embryonic stem (ES) cell transplantation represents a potential means for the treatment of degenerative diseases and injuries. As appropriate distribution of transplanted ES cells in the host tissue is critical for successful transplantation, the exploration of efficient strategies to enhance ES cell migration is warranted. In this study we investigated ES cell migration under the influence of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which have been shown to stimulate cell migration in various cell models with unclear effects on ES cells. Using two mouse ES (mES) cell lines, ESC 26GJ9012-8-2 and ES-D3 GL, to generate embryoid bodies (EB), we examined the migration of differentiating cells from EB that were delivered onto culture surfaces coated with or without collagen I, collagen IV, Matrigel, fibronectin, and laminin. Among these ECM proteins, collagen IV exhibited maximal migration enhancing effect. mES cells expressed α2 and β1 integrin subunits and the migration enhancing effect of collagen IV was prevented by RGD peptides as well as antibodies against α2 and β1 integrins, indicating that the enhancing effect of collagen IV on cell migration was mediated by α2β1 integrin. Furthermore, staining of actin cytoskeleton that links to integrins revealed well-developed stress fibers and long filopodia in mES cells cultured on collagen IV, and the actin-disrupting cytochalasin D abolished the collagen IV-enhanced cell migration. In addition, pretreatment of undifferentiated or differentiated mES cells with collagen IV resulted in improved engraftment and growth after transplantation into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. Finally, collagen IV pretreatment of osteogenically differentiated mES cells increased osteogenic differentiation-like tissue and decreased undifferentiation-like tissue in the grafts grown after transplantation. Our results demonstrated that collagen IV significantly enhanced the migration of differentiating ES cells through α2β1 integrin-mediated actin remodeling and could promote ES cell transplantation efficiency, which may be imperative to stem cell therapy. PMID: 21176409 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Company Profile: Athersys. Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):39-43 Authors: Van Bokkelen G Athersys (Nasdaq: ATHX) is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of novel therapies designed to treat significant unmet medical needs. The company is heavily focused on the regenerative medicine area, with multiple clinical and preclinical stage programs. The most advanced programs at the company are focused on the development of MultiStem(®), a clinical stage allogeneic stem cell therapy that has demonstrated potential for treating a range of conditions and is believed to have widespread application in the field of regenerative medicine. The company has internal programs applying MultiStem across multiple therapeutic areas including cardiovascular, neurological, immune dysfunction and other disease areas, and partnered programs with Pfizer (applying MultiStem to treat inflammatory bowel disease) and Angiotech Pharmaceuticals (acute myocardial infarction). Athersys has a broad network of collaborative relationships with leading research and clinical institutions and is committed to developing a pipeline of novel 'best-in-class' medicines. PMID: 21175285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate to keratocytes in vitro. Mol Vis. 2010;16:2680-2689 Authors: Du Y, Roh DS, Funderburgh ML, Mann MM, Marra KG, Rubin JP, Li X, Funderburgh JL PURPOSE: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are an abundant population of adult stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several specialized tissue types, including neural and neural crest-derived cells. This study sought to determine if ADSC express keratocyte-specific phenotypic markers when cultured under conditions inducing differentiation of corneal stromal stem cells to keratocytes. METHODS: Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained by lipoaspiration. ADSC were isolated by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation. Side population cells in ADSC were demonstrated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining with Hoechst 33342. Differentiation to keratocyte phenotype was induced in fibrin gels or as pellet cultures with serum-free or reduced-serum media containing ascorbate. Keratocyte-specific gene expression was characterized using western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunostaining. RESULTS: ADSC contained a side population and exhibited differentiation to adipocytes and chondrocytes indicating adult stem-cell potential. Culture of ADSC in fibrin gels or as pellets in reduced-serum medium with ascorbate and insulin induced expression of keratocan, keratan sulfate, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 (ALDH3A1), products highly expressed by differentiated keratocytes. Expression of differentiation markers was quantitatively similar to corneal stromal stem cells and occurred in both serum-free and serum containing media. CONCLUSIONS: ADSC cultured under keratocyte-differentiation conditions express corneal-specific matrix components. Expression of these unique keratocyte products suggests that ADSC can adopt a keratocyte phenotype and therefore have potential for use in corneal cell therapy and tissue engineering. PMID: 21179234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Preparation and characterization of microporous poly(d,l-lactic acid) film for tissue engineering scaffold. Int J Nanomedicine. 2010;5:1049-1055 Authors: Shi S, Wang XH, Guo G, Fan M, Huang MJ, Qian ZY We prepared a series of microporous films based on poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) via phase separation. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a 3-dimensional foamy structure with multimicrometer scale pores on the air surface of film could be observed. As the morphology of PLA film could not be stabilized using solvent-nonsolvent phase separation, we investigated the effect of temperature, air movement, and concentration on the properties of microporous PLA films. The results show that when the temperature was 25°C in a vacuum, it was easy to prepare PLA film with micropores, and it was stable. As the relationship between the morphology and formation factors was clear and the morphology of the PLA film was controllable, we studied the PLA film's potential use for cell culture. SEM results showed that NIH3T3 cell could be adhered on the surface of film well after incubation for 2 days. Meanwhile, in vitro culture experiments revealed the great biocompatibility of the scaffold for adsorption and proliferation of fibroblasts. PMID: 21179227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sustained Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Cofactor of Oxidative Stress in Decidual Cells from Patients with Early Pregnancy Loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Dec 22; Authors: Liu AX, He WH, Yin LJ, Lv PP, Zhang Y, Sheng JZ, Leung PC, Huang HF Background: Oxidative stress is a common pathological background for different etiologies of early pregnancy loss (EPL). It has been suggested that elevated reactive oxygen species trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by influencing ER function. However, it is unclear whether ER stress is associated with EPL. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether and how ER stress occurs during the development of EPL. Approaches: Proteomic analysis was performed on decidua from women with EPL, and then ER stress markers, redox status, apoptotic features, and cell viability were analyzed in EPL decidual cells (DCs). Results: EPL decidua were characterized by decreased levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GPR78) and valosin-containing protein and burdened with ubiquitinated proteins. Evidence of ER stress-induced apoptosis in EPL DCs was demonstrated by extensive dilation of ER, morphological features of apoptosis, and activation of caspase-4 and caspase-12. Furthermore, H2O2 reduced the viabilities in both EPL and control DCs, whereas EPL DCs were more vulnerable to additional OS challenge than the controls as a result of failed induction of GRP78 expression. The cell survival percentages of DCs were dose-dependently reduced by H2O2 and could be reversed in the presence of vitamin E. This effect was partly mediated by reducing the amount of misfolded proteins rather than regulating GRP78 expression. Conclusions: The sum of these observations demonstrate for the first time that sustained ER stress occurs in EPL DCs and the potentially vicious relationship between ER stress and oxidative stress is likely to play an important role in the development of EPL. PMID: 21177787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Five-year overview of progress of oculoplastic surgery studies in China.] Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Oct;46(10):915-918 Authors: Li DM Even though started behind others, we have made an unprecedented development in oculoplastic surgery by the efforts of all ophthalmologists in China. Basic research and clinical applications of biomaterials have promoted the development of oculoplastic surgery greatly. Tissue engineering techniques have been used to construct artificial bone for repairing orbital bone defect, this is at the cutting edge of tissue construction and repair of defects. Moreover, with the development of ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, microsurgery and with the application of endoscopic technique and computer analysis and design, oculoplastic surgery has improved significantly and has been utilized in a wide field as never before. We anticipate that oculoplastic surgery can be developed continuously in the next 5 - 10 years. PMID: 21176613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Biological and physicochemical characterization of a serum- and xeno-free chemically defined cryopreservation procedure for adult human progenitor cells. Cell Transplant. 2010 Dec 22; Authors: Zeisberger SM, Schulz JC, Mairhofer M, Ponsaerts P, Wouters G, Doerr D, Katsen-Globa A, Ehrbar M, Hescheler J, Hoerstrup SP, Zisch AH, Kolbus A, Zimmermann H While therapeutic cell transplantations using progenitor cells are increasingly evolving towards phase I and II clinical trials and chemically defined cell-culture is established, standardization in biobanking is still in the stage of infancy. In this study, the EU FP6-funded CRYSTAL (CRYo-banking of Stem cells for human Therapeutic AppLications) consortium aimed to validate novel Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to perform and validate xeno-free and chemically defined cryopreservation of human progenitor cells and to reduce the amount of the potentially toxic cryoprotectant additive (CPA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To achieve this goal, three human adult progenitor- and stem cell populations - umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived erythroid cells (UCB-ECs), UCB-derived endothelial colony forming cells (UCB-ECFCs), and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) - were cryopreserved in chemically defined medium supplemented with 10% or 5% DMSO. Cell recovery, cell repopulation and functionality were evaluated post-thaw in comparison to cryopreservation in standard fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing freezing medium. Even with a reduction of the DMSO CPA to 5%, post-thaw cell count and viability assays indicated no overall significant difference versus standard cryomedium. Additionally, to compare cellular morphology/membrane integrity and ice crystal formation during cryopreservation, multiphoton laser scanning cryomicroscopy (cryo-MPLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Neither cryo-MPLSM nor SEM indicated differences in membrane integrity for the tested cell populations under various conditions. Moreover, no influence was observed on functional properties of the cells following cryopreservation in chemically defined freezing medium, except for UCB-ECs which showed a significantly reduced differentiation capacity after cryopreservation in chemical defined medium supplemented with 5% DMSO. In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of standardized xeno-free cryopreservation of different human progenitor cells and encourage their use even more in the field of tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine. PMID: 21176408 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Morphological and Histological Evaluations of 3D-Layered Blood Vessel Constructs Prepared by Hierarchical Cell Manipulation. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2010 Dec 21; Authors: Matsusaki M, Kadowaki K, Adachi E, Sakura T, Yokoyama U, Ishikawa Y, Akashi M Three-dimensional (3D)-layered blood vessel constructs consisting of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (ECs) were fabricated by hierarchical cell manipulation, and their basic morphology, histology and blood compatibility were evaluated in relation to the EC layers. For the hierarchical cell manipulation, fibronectin-gelatin (FN-G) nanofilms were prepared on the surface of SMC layers to provide a cell adhesive nano-scaffold for the second layer of cells. The layer number of blood vessel constructs was easily controllable from 2 to 7 layers, and the histological evaluation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations indicated a hierarchical blood vessel analogous morphology. The immunefluorescence staining revealed homogeneous and dense tight-junction of the uppermost EC layer. Furthermore, the nano-meshwork morphology of the FN-G films like a native extracellular matrix was observed inside the blood vessel constructs by SEM. Moreover, a close association between actin microfilaments and the nano-meshworks was observed on the SMC surface by TEM. The blood compatibility of the blood vessel constructs, 4-layered SMC/1-layered EC (4L-SMC/1L-EC), was clearly confirmed by inhibition of platelet adhesion, whereas the blood vessel constructs without EC layers (4L-SMC) showed high adhesion and activation of the platelet. The 3D-blood vessel constructs prepared by hierarchical cell manipulation technique will be valuable as a blood vessel model in the tissue engineering or pharmaceutical fields. PMID: 21176392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A New Perspective for Stem-Cell Mechanobiology: Biomechanical Control of Stem-Cell Behavior and Fate. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2010;38(5):393-433 Authors: Titushkin IA, Shin J, Cho M Biomechanics is known to play an important role in cell metabolism. Cell phenotype, tissue-specific functions, and fate critically depend on the extracellular mechanical environment. The mechanical properties of the cell itself, such as cytoskeleton elasticity, membrane tension, and adhesion strength, may also play an important role in cell homeostasis and differentiation. Pluripotent bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, for example, can be differentiated into many tissue-specific lineages. While cellular biomechanical properties are significantly altered during stem-cell specification to a particular phenotype, the complexity of events associated with transformation of these precursor cells leaves many questions unanswered about morphological, structural, proteomic, and functional changes in differentiating stem cells. A thorough understanding of stem-cell behavior would allow the development of more effective approaches to the expansion of stem cells in vitro and the regulation of their commitment to a specific phenotype. Control of cell behaviors might be feasible through manipulation of the cellular biomechanical properties using various external physical stimuli, including electric fields, mechanical stimuli, and genetic manipulation of the expression of particular genes. Biomechanical regulation of stem-cell differentiation can greatly minimize the number of chemicals and growth factors that would otherwise be required for composite tissue engineering. Determination and the appropriate use of the known physicochemical cues will facilitate current research effort toward designing and engineering functional tissue constructs. PMID: 21175407 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tissue engineering approaches for regenerative dentistry. Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):111-124 Authors: Galler KM, D'Souza RN Although teeth can withstand enormous abrasive forces, they are susceptible to damage due to trauma, acids and bacterial attack. Conventional treatment relies on synthetic materials to fill defects and replace whole teeth, but these remain substitutes and cannot restore the tissues' physiological architecture and function. With the isolation of postnatal stem cells from various sources in the oral cavity and the development of smart materials for cell and growth factor delivery, possibilities for alternative, biology-based treatments arise. Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to move from replacement to regeneration, involving clinicians as well as biologists, stem cell researchers and material scientists. First, in order to provide an appreciation for the complexity of the tooth as a whole, its components and surrounding structures will be described. Next, the basic principles of tooth development will be presented, which can be applied to recreate signaling events and utilize them to build whole teeth. For the regeneration of individual tooth structures, the classical tissue engineering triad can be utilized, using dental stem cells, scaffold materials and relevant growth and differentiation factors. Recent successful engineering initiatives on whole teeth as well as on specific tissues such as enamel, the dentin-pulp complex or periodontal ligament will be discussed. In projecting future research directions, we conclude with a brief discussion of key components necessary to develop effective strategies for dental tissue engineering, which might enable us to implement novel regenerative strategies in clinical practice in the near future. PMID: 21175291 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Musculoskeletal tissue engineering with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):95-109 Authors: Wang L, Ott L, Seshareddy K, Weiss ML, Detamore MS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, yet with so many sources of MSCs, what are the primary criteria for selecting leading candidates? Ideally, the cells will be multipotent, inexpensive, lack donor site morbidity, donor materials should be readily available in large numbers, immunocompatible, politically benign and expandable in vitro for several passages. Bone marrow MSCs do not meet all of these criteria and neither do embryonic stem cells. However, a promising new cell source is emerging in tissue engineering that appears to meet these criteria: MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord MSCs. Exposed to appropriate conditions, umbilical cord MSCs can differentiate in vitro along several cell lineages such as the chondrocyte, osteoblast, adipocyte, myocyte, neuronal, pancreatic or hepatocyte lineages. In animal models, umbilical cord MSCs have demonstrated in vivo differentiation ability and promising immunocompatibility with host organs/tissues, even in xenotransplantation. In this article, we address their cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation ability and potential for tissue engineering with an emphasis on musculoskeletal tissue engineering. PMID: 21175290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Engineered cartilage using primary chondrocytes cultured in a porous cartilage-derived matrix. Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):81-93 Authors: Cheng NC, Estes BT, Young TH, Guilak F Aim: To investigate the cell growth, matrix accumulation and mechanical properties of neocartilage formed by human or porcine articular chondrocytes on a porous, porcine cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) for use in cartilage tissue engineering. Materials & methods: We examined the physical properties, cell infiltration and matrix accumulation in different formulations of CDM and selected a CDM made of homogenized cartilage slurry as an appropriate scaffold for long-term culture of human and porcine articular chondrocytes. Results: The CDM scaffold supported growth and proliferation of both human and porcine chondrocytes. Histology and immunohistochemistry showed abundant cartilage-specific macromolecule deposition at day 28. Human chondrocytes migrated throughout the CDM, showing a relatively homogeneous distribution of new tissue accumulation, whereas porcine chondrocytes tended to form a proteoglycan-rich layer primarily on the surfaces of the scaffold. Human chondrocyte-seeded scaffolds had a significantly lower aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability at day 28. Conclusions: These data show that a scaffold derived from native porcine articular cartilage can support neocartilage formation in the absence of exogenous growth factors. The overall characteristics and properties of the constructs depend on factors such as the concentration of CDM used, the porosity of the scaffold, and the species of chondrocytes. PMID: 21175289 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Effect of platelet-rich plasma on dental stem cells derived from human impacted third molars. Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):67-79 Authors: Lee UL, Jeon SH, Park JY, Choung PH Aim: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is fabricated from autologous blood and extensively used to promote soft and hard tissue healing. In the dental field, autologous PRP is widely used combined with dental implant installation and bone graft. This study will evaluate the biologic effect of PRP on the proliferation and the differentiation of human dental stem cells, and find the key cytokines inducing these effects to estimate the clinical feasibility of PRP for dental tissue engineering. Materials & methods: Venous blood was obtained from four individuals and each PRP was fabricated. The human dental stem cells were obtained from the periodontal ligament (PDL) and dental pulp of the surgically extracted human third molars and expanded in vitro. Immunocytochemical staining and flow cytometry with STRO-1 and CD146 confirmed existence of mesenchymal stem cells in the PDL and dental pulp. The effect of PRP on the proliferation of PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was assessed by colony-forming ability measurement, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposit were measured to evaluate the mineralization effect of PRP PDLSCs and DPSCs. Alizarin red S staining was used to detect mineral nodules. Odontogenic and osteogenic gene expressions were evaluated in the PRP-treated PDLSCs and DPSCs by real-time quantitative PCR. A protein array was performed to detect the key cytokines that have an important role in the tissue regenerative effect of PRP. Results: Flow cytometry cell sorting showed that the cells from human PDL and dental pulp contained mesenchymal stem cell populations. Colony-forming ability and cellular proliferation of the dental stem cells were increased at 0.5 and 1% PRP concentration but decreased at 5% concentration. Long-term treatment with 1% PRP enhanced proliferation of the human dental stem cells PDLSCs and DPSCs by 120 h and showed the most significant enhancement at 96 h. PRP also promoted mineralization differentiation of the two kinds of dental stem cells as shown by measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposit under mineralization conditioned media. Increased formation of mineral nodules stained with alizarin red was observed in both PDLSCs and DPSCs after treatment with 1% PRP. Real-time quantitative PCR showed higher odontogenic and osteogenic gene expressions in PRP-treated PDLSCs and DPSCs. RANTES/CCL5 and ICAM-1 were the two key cytokines that were detected in human cytokine array with PRP. Conclusion: The appropriate concentration of the PRP treatment enhanced proliferation and mineralization differentiation of human dental stem cells. RANTES/CCL5 and ICAM-1 might play an important role in PRP-induced tissue regeneration but further study is needed to investigate the whole mechanism. PMID: 21175288 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Preliminary comparison study of adipogenic differentiation capacity between dedifferentiated adipocytes cells and adipose-derived stem cells in vivo]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Sep;26(5):372-7 Authors: Chen XW, Jiang P, Gao JH, Liao YJ, Lu F To compare the adipogenic differentiation capacity of dedifferentiated adipocytes cells (DA) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in vivo, so as to select good adipogenic seed cells for tissue engineering. PMID: 21174796 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Breathing new life into lung transplantation therapy. Mol Ther. 2010 Sep;18(9):1581-3 Authors: Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Weiss DJ PMID: 20808323 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | "Mesenchymal" stem cells in human bone marrow (skeletal stem cells): a critical discussion of their nature, identity, and significance in incurable skeletal disease. Hum Gene Ther. 2010 Sep;21(9):1057-66 Authors: Bianco P, Robey PG, Saggio I, Riminucci M At the turn of a decade of intensive wishful thinking, "mesenchymal stem cells" are changing their profile, while retaining their charm. As hopes to turn bone into brain or vice versa seem on the wane, we learn (1) that the archetypal "mesenchymal stem cell," the skeletal stem cell found in the bone marrow, can be directly identified as a specialized type of mural cell/pericyte, found in the wall of sinusoids and long known as adventitial reticular cells; (2) that bone marrow skeletal stem cells are also defined by expression of CD146, and can self-renew in vivo, while giving rise to skeletal tissues, and therefore earn consideration as bona fide stem cells; (3) that a broader class of microvascular mural cells endowed with clonogenicity and progenitor properties may exist in other tissues, although their true potency needs to be firmly established by stringent assays and thorough comparisons across tissues; (4) that bone marrow skeletal stem cells display unique angiopoietic and hematopoietic niche-related functions, consisting in their ability to transfer the hematopoietic microenvironment and to guide the assembly of microvascular networks, which seem to define their inherent biology; and (5) that use of skeletal stem cells as disease models, and as models of high-risk strategies for cell and gene therapy specifically in incurable skeletal diseases, may provide new challenges for the next decade, and perhaps reward for medicine in the one that follows. PMID: 20649485 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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