| Stem Cells: An Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases.
January 22, 2010 at 8:51 AM
|
| | Stem Cells: An Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2010 Jan 21; Authors: Orlacchio A, Bernardi G, Orlacchio A, Martino S In regenerative medicine, stem cells are currently considered ideal candidates for the treatment of diseases and injuries of the nervous system, for which, at present, there are no effective treatments. Promising results have been shown by clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's diseases, but also for demyelinising disorders and traumatic lesions of the brain and spinal cord. The proof-of-principle is that the replacement of damaged cells and the restoration of function can be accomplished by the transplantation of embryonic or adult stem cells. Advancements in stem cell biology were recently propelled by the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Spinal Muscular Atrophy). In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of stem cell therapy and the advancement of research on regenerative m! edicine for diseases and injuries of the nervous system. PMID: 20088765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| CIRM Finances On Table Next Tuesday
January 22, 2010 at 8:31 AM
|
| | The financial affairs of the $3 billion California stem cell agency will come under scrutiny next Tuesday at a meeting in Los Angeles headed by California's chief fiscal officer.The occasion is a session of the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee, which was created by Prop. 71. By law, the six-member board is chaired by the state controller, John Chiang.On the agenda next week | | |
| Self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles: From molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles: From molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials. Biopolymers. 2010 Jan 20;94(1):1-18 Authors: Cui H, Webber MJ, Stupp SI Peptide amphiphiles are a class of molecules that combine the structural features of amphiphilic surfactants with the functions of bioactive peptides and are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures. A specific type of peptide amphiphiles are known to self-assemble into one-dimensional nanostructures under physiological conditions, predominantly nanofibers with a cylindrical geometry. The resultant nanostructures could be highly bioactive and are of great interest in many biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. In this context, we highlight our strategies for using molecular self-assembly as a toolbox to produce peptide amphiphile nanostructures and materials and efforts to translate this technology into applications as therapeutics. We also review our recent progress in using these materials for treating spinal cord injury, inducing angiogenesis, and for hard tissue regeneration and replacement. (! c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94:1-18, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The "Published Online" date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com. PMID: 20091874 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Fibrillar peptide gels in biotechnology and biomedicine.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Fibrillar peptide gels in biotechnology and biomedicine. Biopolymers. 2010 Jan 20;94(1):49-59 Authors: Jung JP, Gasiorowski JZ, Collier JH Peptides, peptidomimetics, and peptide derivatives that self-assemble into fibrillar gels have received increasing interest as synthetic extracellular matrices for applications in 3D cell culture and regenerative medicine. Recently, several of these fibrillizing molecules have been functionalized with bioactive components and chemical features such as cell-binding ligands, degradable sequences, drug eluting compounds, and cross-linkable groups, thereby producing gels that can reliably display multiple factors simultaneously. This capacity for incorporating precise levels of many different biological and chemical factors is advantageous given the natural complexity of cell-matrix interactions that many current biomaterial strategies seek to mimic. In this review, recent efforts in the area of fibril-forming peptide materials are described, and advantages of biomaterials containing multiple modular elements are outlined. In addition, a few hurdles and open questions! surrounding fibrillar peptide gels are discussed, including issues of the materials' structural heterogeneity, challenges in fully characterizing the diversity of their self-assembled structures, and incomplete knowledge of how the materials are processed in vivo. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 49-59, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The "Published Online" date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com. PMID: 20091870 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Microporous cell-laden hydrogels for engineered tissue constructs.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Microporous cell-laden hydrogels for engineered tissue constructs. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Jan 20; Authors: Park JH, Chung BG, Lee WG, Kim J, Brigham MD, Shim J, Lee S, Hwang C, Durmus NG, Demirci U, Khademhosseini A In this paper, we describe an approach to generate microporous cell-laden hydrogels for fabricating biomimetic tissue engineered constructs. Micropores at different length scales were fabricated in cell-laden hydrogels by micromolding fluidic channels and leaching sucrose crystals. Microengineered channels were created within cell-laden hydrogel precursors that contained agarose solution mixed with sucrose crystals. The rapid cooling of the agarose solution was used to gel the solution and form micropores in place of the sucrose crystals. The sucrose leaching process generated micropores that were homogeneously distributed within the gels, while enabling the direct immobilization of cells within the gels. We also characterized the physical, mechanical, and biological properties (i.e. microporosity, diffusivity, and cell viability) of cell-laden agarose gels as a function of engineered porosity. The microporosity was controlled from 0% to 40% and the diffusivity of! molecules in the porous agarose gels increased as compared to controls. Furthermore, the viability of human hepatocyte cells that were cultured in microporous agarose gels corresponded to the diffusion profile generated away from the microchannels. Based on their enhanced diffusive properties, microporous cell-laden hydrogels containing a microengineered fluidic channel could be a useful tool for generating tissue structures for regenerative medicine and drug discovery applications. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 20091766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Oxygen plasma-treated thermoresponsive polymer surfaces for cell sheet engineering.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Oxygen plasma-treated thermoresponsive polymer surfaces for cell sheet engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Jan 20; Authors: Shimizu K, Fujita H, Nagamori E Although cell sheet engineering is a potent and promising method for tissue engineering, an increase of mechanical strength of a cell sheet is needed for easy manipulation of it during transplantation or 3-D tissue fabrication. Previously, we developed a cell sheet-polymer film complex that had enough mechanical strength that can be manipulated even by tweezers (Fujita et al. 2009). We confirmed the polymer film involving a temperature sensitive polymer and extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins could be removed by lowering temperature after transplantation, and its potential use in regenerative medicine was demonstrated. However, the use of ECM proteins conflicted with high stability in long-term storage and low cost. In the present study, to overcome these drawbacks, we employed the oxygen plasma treatment instead of using the ECM proteins. A cast and dried film of thermoresponsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) was fabricated and treated with high-intensity! oxygen plasma. The cells became possible to adhere to the oxygen plasma-treated PNIPAAm surface, whereas could not to the inherent surface of bulk PNIPAAm without treatment.Characterizations of the treated surface revealed the surface had high stability. The surface roughness, wettability, and composition were changed, depending on the plasma intensity. Interestingly, although bulk PNIPAAm layer had thermo-responsiveness and dissolved below lower critical solution temperature (LCST), it was found that the oxygen plasma-treated PNIPAAm surface lost its thermo-responsiveness and remained insoluble in water below LCST as a thin layer. Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells could be cultured on the oxygen plasma-treated PNIPAAm surface, a skeletal muscle cell sheet with the insoluble thin layer could be released in the medium, and thus the possibility of use of the cell sheet for transplantation was demonstrated. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 20091737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| A biohybrid artificial lung prototype with active mixing of endothelialized microporous hollow fibers.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | A biohybrid artificial lung prototype with active mixing of endothelialized microporous hollow fibers. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Jan 20; Authors: Polk AA, Maul TM, McKeel DT, Snyder TA, Lehocky CA, Pitt B, Stolz DB, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affects nearly 150,000 patients per year in the US, and is associated with high mortality ( approximately 40%) and suboptimal options for patient care. Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are limited to short-term use due to ventilator-induced lung injury and poor biocompatibility, respectively. In this report, we describe the development of a biohybrid lung prototype, employing a rotating endothelialized microporous hollow fiber (MHF) bundle to improve blood biocompatibility while MHF mixing could contribute to gas transfer efficiency. MHFs were surface modified with radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) and protein adsorption to promote endothelial cell (EC) attachment and growth. The MHF bundles were placed in the biohybrid lung prototype and rotated up to 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM) using speed ramping protocols to condition ECs to remain adherent on the fibers. Oxygen transfer, thromb! otic deposition, and EC p-selectin expression were evaluated as indicators of biohybrid lung functionality and biocompatibility. A fixed aliquot of blood in contact with MHF bundles rotated at either 250 or 750 RPM reached saturating pO(2) levels more quickly with increased RPM, supporting the concept that fiber rotation would positively contribute to oxygen transfer. The presence of ECs had no effect on the rate of oxygen transfer at lower fiber RPM, but did provide some resistance with increased RPM when the overall rate of mass transfer was higher due to active mixing. RFGD followed by fibronectin adsorption on MHFs facilitated near confluent EC coverage with minimal p-selectin expression under both normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Indeed, even subconfluent EC coverage on MHFs significantly reduced thrombotic deposition adding further support that endothelialization enhances, blood biocompatibility. Overall these findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept that a rotating ! endothelialized MHF bundle enhances gas transfer and biocompat! ibility, potentially producing safer, more efficient artificial lungs. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 20091735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Familiarity and Prudence of the Japanese Public with Research into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Their Desire for its Proper Regulation.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Familiarity and Prudence of the Japanese Public with Research into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Their Desire for its Proper Regulation. Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Jan 22; Authors: Shineha R, Kawakami M, Kawakami K, Nagata M, Tada T, Kato K The lack of knowledge of current public attitudes towards basic research into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a serious problem when considering appropriate ways of governance regarding research and its clinical applications. We therefore conducted an internet-based survey to determine public opinion regarding the research and development of iPSCs and regenerative medicine (RM). A total of 14,908 valid responses were collected, which revealed that the Japanese public were familiar with the terms iPSCs and RM, and many of them had received information about iPSCs and RM through the television and newspapers. They also generally accepted the need for extra funding for research into iPSCs, but also decided to adopt a "wait and see" approach and thought that research and development of iPSCs and RM should be conducted under proper governance in accordance with an international regulatory framework. It will be necessary to discuss an internationally consisten! t regulatory system and effective mechanisms for information flow. PMID: 20091428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Isolation, Characterization, Differentiation, and Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Isolation, Characterization, Differentiation, and Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2010 Jan 21; Authors: Kuhbier JW, Weyand B, Radtke C, Vogt PM, Kasper C, Reimers K While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are known and have been investigated for a long time, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue were identified as such by Zuk et al. in 2001. However, as subcutaneous fat tissue is a rich source which is much more easily accessible than bone marrow and thus can be reached by less invasive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells have moved into the research spotlight over the last 8 years.Isolation of stromal cell fractions involves centrifugation, digestion, and filtration, resulting in an adherent cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells; these can be subdivided by cell sorting and cultured under common conditions.They seem to have comparable properties to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in their differentiation abilities as well as a favorable angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile and therefore have become widely used in tissue engineering and clinical regener! ative medicine. PMID: 20091288 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications. Stem Cell Rev. 2010 Jan 21; Authors: Vidarsson H, Hyllner J, Sartipy P The ability of human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into spontaneously contracting cardiomyocyte-like cells has attracted substantial interest from the scientific community over the last decade. From having been difficult to control, human cardiomyogenesis in vitro is now becoming a process which, to a certain extent, can be effectively manipulated and directed. Although much research remains, new and improved protocols for guiding pluripotent stem cells to the cardiomyocyte lineage are accumulating in the scientific literature. However, the stem cell derived cardiomyocytes described to date, generally resemble immature embryonic/fetal cardiomyocytes, and they are in some functional and structural aspects different from adult cardiomyocytes. Thus, a future challenge will be to design strategies that eventually may allow the cells to reach a higher degree of maturation in vitro. Nevertheless, the cells which can be prepared using current protocols still have! wide spread utility, and they have begun to find their way into the drug discovery platforms used in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitors are anticipated to have a tremendous impact on how heart disease will be treated in the future. Here, we will discuss recent strategies for the generation of cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells and recapitulate their features, as well as highlight some in vitro applications for the cells. Finally, opportunities in the area of cardiac regenerative medicine will be illustrated. PMID: 20091143 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Promising New Sources for Pluripotent Stem Cells.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Promising New Sources for Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev. 2009 Nov 29; Authors: Leeb C, Jurga M, McGuckin C, Moriggl R, Kenner L Recent findings have placed stem cell research at the forefront of biomedical sciences. Basic research on embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has contributed to our knowledge about the developmental potential and plasticity of stem cells. Furthermore, it has raised hope to use these cells as potential source for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. Unfortunately, ESCs can also form tumors and they are ethically controversial because they originate from human embryos. This review summarizes findings and therapeutic applications of ESCs and their alternatives: adult stem cells and iPS cells. PMID: 20091142 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Development and characterisation of a collagen nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Development and characterisation of a collagen nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2009 Dec 20; Authors: Cunniffe GM, Dickson GR, Partap S, Stanton KT, O'Brien FJ Bone regeneration requires scaffolds that possess suitable mechanical and biological properties. This study sought to develop a novel collagen-nHA biocomposite scaffold via two new methods. Firstly a stable nHA suspension was produced and added to a collagen slurry (suspension method), and secondly, porous collagen scaffolds were immersed in nHA suspension after freeze-drying (immersion method). Significantly stronger constructs were produced using both methods compared to collagen only scaffolds, with a high porosity maintained (>98.9%). It was found that Coll-nHA composite scaffolds produced by the suspension method were up to 18 times stiffer than the collagen control (5.50 +/- 1.70 kPa vs. 0.30 +/- 0.09 kPa). The suspension method was also more reproducible, and the quantity of nHA incorporated could be varied with greater ease than with the immersion technique. In addition, Coll-nHA composites display excellent biological activity, demonstrating their pote! ntial as bone graft substitutes in orthopaedic regenerative medicine. PMID: 20091099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Globular Adiponectin as a Complete Mesoangioblast Regulator: Role in Proliferation, Survival, Motility, and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Globular Adiponectin as a Complete Mesoangioblast Regulator: Role in Proliferation, Survival, Motility, and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation. Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Jan 20; Authors: Fiaschi T, Tedesco FS, Giannoni E, Diaz-Manera J, Parri M, Cossu G, Chiarugi P Monitoring Editor: Carl-Henrik Heldin Mesoangioblasts are progenitor endowed with multipotent mesoderm differentiation ability. Despite the promising results obtained with mesoangioblast transplantation in muscle dystrophy, an improvement of their efficient engrafting and survival within damaged muscles, as well as their ex-vivo activation/expansion and commitment toward myogenic lineage, is highly needed and should greatly increase their therapeutic potential. We show that globular adiponectin, an adipokine endowed with metabolic and differentiating functions for muscles, regulates vital cues of mesoangioblast cell biology. The adipokine drives mesoangioblasts to entry cell cycle and strongly counteracts the apoptotic process triggered by growth factor withdrawal, thereby serving as an activating and prosurvival stem cell factor. In addition, adiponectin provides a specific protection against anoikis, the apoptotic death due to lack of anchorage to extracellular ! matrix, suggesting a key protective role for these nonresident stem cells after systemic injection. Finally, adiponectin behaves as a chemo-attractive factor toward mature myotubes and stimulates their differentiation toward the skeletal muscle lineage, serving as a positive regulator in mesoangioblast homing to injured/diseased muscles. We conclude that adiponectin exerts several advantageous effects on mesoangioblasts, potentially valuable to improve their efficacy in cell based therapies of diseased muscles. PMID: 20089845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| The Mighty Mice Prove Pluripotency for iPSCs.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | The Mighty Mice Prove Pluripotency for iPSCs. J Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Jan 20; Authors: Pei D By injecting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into tetraploid blastocysts to generate live pups, two groups in China demonstrated that the injected cells are as pluripotent as embryonic stem cells, i.e. capable of giving rise to every cell in the newborn mice. This achievement validates iPS technology for regenerative medicine. PMID: 20089535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| ON MORAL INCOHERENCE AND HIDDEN BATTLES: STEM CELL RESEARCH IN ARGENTINA.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | ON MORAL INCOHERENCE AND HIDDEN BATTLES: STEM CELL RESEARCH IN ARGENTINA. Dev World Bioeth. 2010 Jan 18; Authors: Luna F, Salles A ABSTRACT In this article, the authors focus on Argentina's activity in the developing field of regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell research. They take as a starting point a recent article by Shawn Harmon (published in this journal) who argues that attempts to regulate the practice in Argentina are morally incoherent. The authors try to show first, that there is no such 'attempt to legislate' on stem cell research in Argentina and this is due to a number of reasons that they explain. Second, by examining the role played by different values, conflicting legal and moral views, and the influence of various actors, they attempt to show that the legislative silence regarding stem cell research may not necessarily be a manifestation of a legal/moral disconnection but rather a survival strategy for navigating the long and heated battle on the moral status of the embryo and the kind of treatment it deserves. PMID: 20089053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Stem Cells: An Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Stem Cells: An Overview of the Current Status of Therapies for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2010 Jan 21; Authors: Orlacchio A, Bernardi G, Orlacchio A, Martino S In regenerative medicine, stem cells are currently considered ideal candidates for the treatment of diseases and injuries of the nervous system, for which, at present, there are no effective treatments. Promising results have been shown by clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's diseases, but also for demyelinising disorders and traumatic lesions of the brain and spinal cord. The proof-of-principle is that the replacement of damaged cells and the restoration of function can be accomplished by the transplantation of embryonic or adult stem cells. Advancements in stem cell biology were recently propelled by the ability to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Spinal Muscular Atrophy). In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of stem cell therapy and the advancement of research on regenerative m! edicine for diseases and injuries of the nervous system. PMID: 20088765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Gene-delivery systems for iPS cell generation.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Gene-delivery systems for iPS cell generation. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010 Feb;10(2):231-42 Authors: Shao L, Wu WS Importance of the field: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer extraordinary promise for regenerative medicine applications, and provide new opportunities for use in disease modeling, drug screening and drug toxicology. Areas coved in this review: iPS cell technology is still in its infancy. In this review article, we present a comprehensive survey of reprogramming approaches focusing on gene-delivery systems used for generation of iPS cells from somatic cells, categorize gene-delivery vectors, and discuss their advantages and limitations for somatic cell reprogramming. We include pertinent literature published between 2006 and the present. What the reader will gain: Although iPS cell technology has been improved via the use of various gene-delivery vectors, it still suffers from either low reprogramming efficiency or too many genomic modification steps. Extensive work is still required to improve current vectors or explore new vectors for effectively reprogr! amming human somatic cells into iPS cells, with or without minimal genomic modification steps. Take home message: A single non-integrating reprogramming vector system with high reprogramming efficiency is probably essential for generation of clinically translatable human iPS cells. PMID: 20088717 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Freshly isolated stromal cells from the infrapatellar fat pad are suitable for a one-step surgical procedure to regenerate cartilage tissue.
January 22, 2010 at 6:35 AM
|
| | Freshly isolated stromal cells from the infrapatellar fat pad are suitable for a one-step surgical procedure to regenerate cartilage tissue. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(8):1052-64 Authors: Jurgens WJ, van Dijk A, Doulabi BZ, Niessen FB, Ritt MJ, van Milligen FJ, Helder MN BACKGROUND AIMS: Stem cell therapies are being evaluated as promising alternatives for cartilage regeneration. We investigated whether stromal vascular fraction cells (SVF) from the infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad are suitable for a one-step surgical procedure to treat focal cartilage defects. METHODS: SVF was harvested from patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (n = 53). Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, growth kinetics and surface marker profiles were determined, and the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of freshly isolated SVF was assessed after seeding in three-dimensional poly (L-lactic-co-epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds. RESULTS: SVF yield per fat pad varied between 0.55 and 16 x 10(6) cells. CFU frequency and population doubling time were 2.6 +/- 0.6% and +/-2 days, respectively. Surface marker profiles matched those of subcutaneous-derived adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). CFU from Hoffa SVF showed differentiation toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineage! s. Cartilage differentiation was confirmed by up-regulation of the cartilage genes sox9, aggrecan, collagen type II and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), collagen II immunostaining, Alcian Blue staining and glycosaminoglycan production. Compared with passaged cells, SVF showed at least similar chondrogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that SVF cells from the infrapatellar fat pad are suitable for future application in a one-step surgical procedure to regenerate cartilage tissue. SVF shows similar favorable characteristics as cultured ASC, and chondrogenic differentiation even appears to be slightly better. However, because of variable harvesting volumes and yields, SVF from the infrapatellar fat pad might only be applicable for treatment of small focal cartilage defects, whereas for larger osteoarthritic defects subcutaneous adipose tissue depot would be preferable. PMID: 19929469 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Bladder reconstruction with adipose-derived stem cell-seeded bladder acellular matrix grafts improve morphology composition.
January 22, 2010 at 6:26 AM
|
| | Bladder reconstruction with adipose-derived stem cell-seeded bladder acellular matrix grafts improve morphology composition. World J Urol. 2010 Jan 21; Authors: Zhu WD, Xu YM, Feng C, Fu Q, Song LJ, Cui L PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of seeding adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) onto bladder acellular matrix grafts (BAMGs) for bladder reconstruction in a rabbit model. METHODS: Autologous ADSCs were isolated, expanded and identified by flow cytometry. In the experimental group, ADSCs were seeded onto BAMGS for reconstructing bladder defects in 12 male rabbits. Unseeded BAMGs were used for bladder reconstruction in the control group of 12 rabbits. Cystography was performed at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after grafts implantation. Following cystography, the animals were killed and grafts were harvested; H&E and immunohistochemical staining were performed with cytokeratin AE1/AE3, smooth muscle alpha-actin and S-100 markers. RESULTS: Flow cytometry demonstrated that the ADSCs expressed CD90, CD44, CD105, CD166 and CD34, but not CD45 or CD106. The cells demonstrated good biocompatibility with BAMGs. At 24 weeks, in the experimental group, the reconstructed bladders rea! ched a mean volume of 94.68 +/- 3.31% of the pre-cystectomy bladder capacity. Complete regeneration of smooth muscle and nerve tissue was evident. Regenerated SMCs, urothelium and nerve cells stained positively for alpha-smooth muscle actin, AE1/AE3 and S-100. In the control group, the mean bladder volume was 69.33 +/- 5.05% of the pre-cystectomy volume; histologically, the control group was characterized by multi-layered urothelium without evidence for organized muscle or nerve tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that seeding ADSCs onto BAMGs promote regeneration of smooth muscle and nervous tissue regeneration in a rabbit model. This compound graft was more suitable for bladder reconstruction than BAMG alone. PMID: 20091038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | |
No comments:
Post a Comment