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| Nature Blogger Writes About Snyder Grant
March 13, 2010 at 1:35 PM
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| One of Nature magazine's blogger wrote briefly this week about the Evan Snyder affair at the California stem cell agency.
Referring to our article on the grant, Elie Dolgin said on the site, Spoonful of Medicine.
"Here's one creative, albeit seemingly accidental way, to get a 50% boost for your multi-million dollar research grant: Flout the rules, say you're sorry, and then argue that you can | | |
| Muscle-derived stem cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence.
March 13, 2010 at 8:30 AM
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| | Muscle-derived stem cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence. Actas Urol Esp. 2010 Jan;34(1):15-23 Authors: Proaño AR, Medrano A, Garrido G, Mazza O The knowledge of the urinary effort incontinence (UEI) has increased, giving like result an ample range of different therapeutic options available. The middle urethra and external urethral sphincter are the focus in management of UEI. Stem cells therapy for the regenerative repair of the deficient sphincter has been the leading research of incontinence. Obtaining autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts of skeletal muscle-biopsies, cultivating them and transplanting them after its differentiation, into the external urethral sphincter it warns a new concept in the treatment of the incontinence. Instead of using heterologous materials such as synthetic mesh (slings) or bulking agents (collagen, silicone, etc); we now have the potential to restore function with the use of autologous stem cells. PMID: 20223129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Cross-linking affects cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in type II collagen-GAG scaffolds seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Cross-linking affects cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in type II collagen-GAG scaffolds seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 2010 Mar 11; Authors: Vickers SM, Gotterbarm T, Spector M The formation of cartilaginous tissue by chondroprogenitor cells, whether in vivo or in vitro, appears to require a critical initial stage of "condensation" in which intercellular space is reduced through an aggregation of cells, leading to development of cell-to-cell junctions followed by chondrocytic differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of aggregation (condensation) of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and chondrogenesis in vitro. Previous work with chondrocytes indicated that the cross-link density and related cell-mediated contraction of collagen scaffolds significantly affects cartilaginous tissue formation within the cell-seeded construct. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that the cell-aggregating effect of the contraction of MSC-seeded collagen scaffolds of lower cross-link density favors chondrogenesis; scaffolds of higher cross-link density, which resist cell-mediated contraction, would demonstrate a lower cell ! number density (i.e., subcritical packing density) and less cartilage formation. Type II collagen-GAG scaffolds, chemically cross-linked to achieve a range of cross-link densities, were seeded with caprine MSCs and cultured for 4 weeks. Constructs with low cross-link densities experienced cell-mediated contraction, increased cell number densities, and a greater degree of chondrogenesis (indicated by the chondrocytic morphology of cells, and synthesis of GAG and type II collagen) compared to more highly cross-linked scaffolds that resisted cellular contraction. These results provide a foundation for further investigation of the mechanisms by which condensation of mesenchymal cells induces chondrogenesis in this in vitro model, and may inform cross-linking protocols for collagen scaffolds for use in cartilage tissue engineering. (c) 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. PMID: 20225321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Novel insights into the mechanism of decreased expression of type X collagen in human mesenchymal stem cells from patients with osteoarthritis cultured on nitrogen-rich plasma polymers: Implication of cyclooxygenase-1.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Novel insights into the mechanism of decreased expression of type X collagen in human mesenchymal stem cells from patients with osteoarthritis cultured on nitrogen-rich plasma polymers: Implication of cyclooxygenase-1. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Mar 11; Authors: Petit A, Wang HT, Girard-Lauriault PL, Wertheimer MR, Antoniou J, Mwale F Recent evidence indicates that a major drawback of current cartilage- and intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue engineering is that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from patients with osteoarthritis rapidly express type X collagen (COL10A1), a marker of late stage chondrocyte hypertrophy associated with endochondral ossification. We recently demonstrated that COL10A1 expression was inhibited in MSCs from patients with osteoarthritis cultured on nitrogen-rich plasma polymerized (PPE:N) coatings. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms of action of this effect by culturing MSCs on PPE:N surfaces in the presence of different inhibitors of kinases and cyclooxygenases. The effect of PPE:N surfaces on COL10A1 expression was found to be mimicked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor NPPB, but not by daphnetin (an inhibitor of protein kinases) nor by genistein (an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases). COL10A1 expression was also suppressed by the specific cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1: ! SC-560) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX: MK-866) inhibitors, but not by COX-2 (COX-2 inhibitor 2) and 12-LOX (baicalein) inhibitors. Finally, the incubation of MSCs on PPE:N surfaces inhibited the expression of COX-1 while 5-LOX was not expressed in these cells. Taken together, these results indicate that PPE:N surfaces inhibit COL10A1 expression via the suppression of COX-1. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010. PMID: 20225218 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Bone repair by cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted composite scaffolds made of collagen treated tricalciumphosphate or tricalciumphosphate-chitosan-collagen hydrogel or PLGA in ovine critical-sized calvarial defects.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Bone repair by cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted composite scaffolds made of collagen treated tricalciumphosphate or tricalciumphosphate-chitosan-collagen hydrogel or PLGA in ovine critical-sized calvarial defects. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Mar 11; Authors: Haberstroh K, Ritter K, Kuschnierz J, Bormann KH, Kaps C, Carvalho C, Mülhaupt R, Sittinger M, Gellrich NC The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of three different cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted scaffolds in a ovine calvarial critical-size defect model. The choice of scaffold-materials was based on their applicability for 3D-bioplotting and respective possibility to produce tailor-made scaffolds for the use in cranio-facial surgery for the replacement of complex shaped boneparts. Scaffold raw-materials are known to be osteoinductive when being cell-seeded [poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)] or having components with osteoinductive properties as tricalciumphosphate (TCP) or collagen (Col) or chitosan. The scaffold-materials PLGA, TCP/Col, and HYDR (TCP/Col/chitosan) were cell-seeded with osteoblast-like cells whether gained from bone (OLB) or from periost (OLP). In a prospective and randomized design nine sheep underwent osteotomy to create four critical-sized calvarial defects. Three animals each were assigned to the HYDR-, the TCP/Col-, or the PL! GA-group. In each animal, one defect was treated with a cell-free, an OLB- or OLP-seeded group-specific scaffold, respectively. The fourth defect remained untreated as control (UD). Fourteen weeks later, animals were euthanized for histo-morphometrical analysis of the defect healing. OLB- and OLP-seeded HYDR and OLB-seeded TCP/Col scaffolds significantly increased the amount of newly formed bone (NFB) at the defect bottom and OLP-seeded HYDR also within the scaffold area, whereas PLGA-scaffolds showed lower rates. The relative density of NFB was markedly higher in the HYDR/OLB group compared to the corresponding PLGA group. TCP/Col had good stiffness to prepare complex structures by bioplotting but HYDR and PLGA were very soft. HYDR showed appropriate biodegradation, TCP/Col and PLGA seemed to be nearly undegraded after 14 weeks. 3D-bioplotted, cell-seeded HYDR and TCP/Col scaffolds increased the amount of NFB within ovine critical-size calvarial defects, but stiffness, res! pectively, biodegradation of materials is not appropriate for ! the appl ication in cranio-facial surgery and have to be improved further by modifications of the manufacturing process or their material composition. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010. PMID: 20225216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Effects of sterilisation by high-energy radiation on biomedical poly-(epsilon-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite composites.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Effects of sterilisation by high-energy radiation on biomedical poly-(epsilon-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite composites. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Mar 12; Authors: Di Foggia M, Corda U, Plescia E, Taddei P, Torreggiani A The effects of a high energy sterilization treatment on poly-epsilon-caprolactone/carbonated hydroxyapatite composites have been investigated. Poly-epsilon-caprolactone is a biodegradable polymer used as long-term bioresorbable scaffold for bone tissue engineering and carbonated hydroxyapatite is a bioactive material able to promote bone growth. The composites were gamma-irradiated in air or under nitrogen atmosphere with doses ranging from 10 to 50 kGy (i.e. to a value higher than that recommended for sterilization). The effects of the irradiation treatment were evaluated by vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman spectroscopies) coupled to thermal analysis (Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetry) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Irradiation with the doses required for sterilization induced acceptable structural changes and damaging effects: only a very slight fragmentation of the polymeric chains and some defects in the inorganic ! component were observed. Moreover, the radiation sensitivity of the composites proved almost the same under the two different atmospheres. PMID: 20224934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Bone Regeneration Using a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Saturated Slow-Release Gelatin Hydrogel Sheet: Evaluation in a Canine Orbital Floor Fracture Model.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Bone Regeneration Using a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Saturated Slow-Release Gelatin Hydrogel Sheet: Evaluation in a Canine Orbital Floor Fracture Model. Ann Plast Surg. 2010 Mar 11; Authors: Asamura S, Mochizuki Y, Yamamoto M, Tabata Y, Isogai N ABSTRACT:: Bone regeneration methods using bone inductive cytokines show promise, however, due to early diffusion and absorption of single applications of these cytokines, the bone inductive effects are limited. In this study, such a system was applied, using gelatin hydrogel as a carrier to slowly release (bone morphogenetic proteins) BMP-2 over a relatively long period in vivo. By coupling this slow-release system with a biodegradable copolymer, this composite was evaluated by grafting into bone defect sites of a canine orbital floor fracture model. Radio-iodinated BMP-2 incorporated into the gelatin hydrogel carrier and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice showed a similar slow release (approximately, 60% at 3 days and 80% at 14 days) as the radiolabeled hydrogel carrier alone. In contrast, greater than 90% of fluid-injected BMP-2 was lost in the injection site within the first 8 hours. Using a dog model of orbital floor fracture, a complex of BMP-2-saturate! d gelatin hydrogel and a polylactide-based biodegradable copolymer was implanted into the orbital bone defect. Bone structural analysis, using radiography, histologic examination, and microfocus CT, showed greatly enhanced new bone formation and defect healing at 5 weeks in comparison to implanted biodegradable copolymer directly saturated with the same amount of BMP-2 (no slow-release hydrogel carrier). A trabecular structure resembling that normal bone tissue was restored in the new bone tissue generated by the slow-release constructs. Thus study demonstrates the potential of slow-release BMP-2 for bone healing of difficult defects. PMID: 20224349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Characterization of amine donor and acceptor sites for tissue type transglutaminase using a sequence from the C-terminus of human fibrillin-1 and the N-terminus of osteonectin.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Characterization of amine donor and acceptor sites for tissue type transglutaminase using a sequence from the C-terminus of human fibrillin-1 and the N-terminus of osteonectin. Biomaterials. 2010 Mar 9; Authors: Khew ST, Panengad PP, Raghunath M, Tong YW Transglutaminase (TGase)-modified proteins are commonly observed in a wide range of biological systems. Therefore, the identification of TGase substrates and respective consensus sites may contribute to a better understanding of the physiological role of TGase. In this study, we identified enzyme-specific properties of two peptide sequences, EDGFFKI, derived from human fibrillin-1, and the previously characterized APQQEA, derived from human osteonectin. EDGFFKI was identified in a previous publication as an amine donor substrate for tissue TGase; APQ(3)Q(4)EA is an amine acceptor for this enzyme. A widely-used lysine donor mimic, monodansylcadaverine (MDC), was used as a control. EDGFFKI crosslinked specifically only to Q(3) of the acceptor probe. The EDGFFKI sequence also showed enzyme specificity for tissue TGase while no reaction was observed with plasma TGase (Factor XIIIa), consistent with its natural occurrence in vivo. Using this substrate in biotinylated f! orm we demonstrate its value as a tracer probe to detect endogenous TGase activity in human tissues as well as to target potential amine acceptor substrates via an enzyme-directed site-specific labeling. The results of this study show natively derived EDGFFKI and APQQEA are better and more specific indicators of endogenous tissue TGase activity as compared to a small molecule probe; this may be important in diagnostic applications. The specificity with which matrix sequences APQQEA and EDGFFKI interact with tissue TGase but not plasma TGase may also be crucial for understanding and controlling the function of these TGases in vivo and in tissue engineering. PMID: 20223517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| A Novel Concept for Scaffold-Free Vessel Tissue Engineering: Self-Assembly of Microtissue Building Blocks.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | A Novel Concept for Scaffold-Free Vessel Tissue Engineering: Self-Assembly of Microtissue Building Blocks. J Biotechnol. 2010 Mar 8; Authors: Kelm JM, Lorber V, Snedeker JG, Schmidt D, Broggini-Tenzer A, Weisstanner M, Odermatt B, Mol A, Zünd G, Hoerstrup SP Current scientific attempts to generate in vitro tissue-engineered living blood vessels (TEBV) show substantial limitations, thereby preventing routine clinical use. In the present report, we describe a novel biotechnology concept to create living small diameter TEBV based exclusively on microtissue self-assembly (living cellular re-aggregates). A novel bioreactor was designed to assemble microtissues in a vascular shape and apply pulsatile flow and circumferential mechanical stimulation. Microtissues composed of human artery-derived fibroblasts (HAF) and endothelial cells (HUVEC) were accumulated and cultured for 7 and 14 days under pulsatile flow/mechanical stimulation or static culture conditions with a diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The resulting vessels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell phenotype (von Willebrand factor, alpha-SMA, Ki67, VEGF). Self-assembled microtissues composed of fibroblasts displ! ayed significantly accelerated ECM formation compared to monolayer cell sheets. Accumulation of vessel-like tissue occurred within 14 days under both, static and flow/mechanical stimulation conditions. A layered tissue formation was observed only in the dynamic group, as indicated by luminal aligned alpha-SMA positive fibroblasts. We could demonstrat that self-assembled cell based microtissues can be used to generate small diameter TEBV. The significant enhancement of ECM expression and maturation, together with the pre-vascularization capacity makes this approach highly attractive in terms of generating functional small diameter TEBV devoid of any foreign material. PMID: 20223267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Silk-based materials for biomedical applications.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Silk-based materials for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2010;55(3):155-67 Authors: Leal-Egaña A, Scheibel T Since the beginning of civilization, humans have exploited nature as an extraordinary source of materials for medical applications. Most natural materials comprise biopolymers such as nucleic acids and protein-polysaccharides. For biomedical applications, proteins such as collagens have been traditionally employed. Other proteins are silk fibres produced by arthropods (e.g. silkworms and spiders), which provide interesting mechanical properties and the absence of toxicity. Silks present almost all characteristics desirable for biomedical applications, but the research on the underlying proteins has only recently commenced. In the present review, we summarize the current research related to silk being used as a material for cell culture and tissue engineering, particularly focusing on cell-surface adherence, mechanical and textural properties, toxicity, immunogenicity and biodegradability. PMID: 20222871 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Lumen formation in three-dimensional cultures of salivary acinar cells.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Lumen formation in three-dimensional cultures of salivary acinar cells. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Feb;142(2):191-5 Authors: Pradhan S, Liu C, Zhang C, Jia X, Farach-Carson MC, Witt RL OBJECTIVE: Development of an artificial salivary gland will benefit patients with xerostomia after radiation therapy for upper respiratory cancer. The goal is to devise a three-dimensional (3D) culture system in which salivary cells differentiate into polarized acini that express essential biomarkers and directionally secrete alpha-amylase. Differentiated acini-like structures in a 3D biomaterial-based scaffold will mimic salivary gland functions. STUDY DESIGN: Cells were seeded onto HA-based hydrogels containing PlnDIV peptide and allowed to differentiate into acini-like structures. Cell viability and phenotype were examined. SETTING: Laboratory-based tissue procurement study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Salivary gland tissue was obtained from patients undergoing surgery. Marker expression established the phenotype of salivary gland cells. Perlecan/HSPG2, an important component of the basement membrane, was highly expressed in salivary gland tissue. A culture system co! nsisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel and a coupled bioactive peptide derived from domain IV of perlecan (PlnDIV) was used. Prior studies demonstrated differentiation of acinar cells into lobular structures that mimicked intact glands when cultured on PlnDIV peptide-coated surfaces. RESULTS: Lobular acini-like structures formed on hydrogels and expressed tight junction components such as zona occludens 1. Acini-like structures were stained for the presence of alpha-amylase. Live/dead staining revealed the presence of apoptotic cells in the center of the acini-like structures, indicative of lumen formation. CONCLUSION: A novel system supporting acini-like assembly in a 3D culture system was established. Presence of biomarkers and secretion of salivary enzymes confirms functionality in vitro. Future experiments will test the 3D system in an animal model. PMID: 20115973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Surgical implantation of a bioengineered internal anal sphincter.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Surgical implantation of a bioengineered internal anal sphincter. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Jan;45(1):52-8 Authors: Hashish M, Raghavan S, Somara S, Gilmont RR, Miyasaka E, Bitar KN, Teitelbaum DH PURPOSE: Fecal incontinence is a common disorder that can have devastating social and psychologic consequences. However, there are no long-term ideal solutions for such patients. Although loss of continence is multifactorial, the integrity of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) has particular significance. We previously described the development of 3-dimensional bioengineered constructs using isolated smooth muscle tissue from donor C57BL/6 IAS. We hypothesized that the bioengineered ring constructs would retain cellular viability and promote neovascularization upon implantation into a recipient mouse. METHODS: Internal anal sphincter ring constructs were surgically implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and treated with either fibroblastic growth factor 2 (0.26 microg daily) or saline controls using a microosmotic pump. Internal anal sphincter constructs were harvested after 25 days (range, 23-26 days) and assessed morphologically and for ! tissue viability. RESULT: Gross morphology showed that there was no rejection. Rings showed muscle attachment to the back of the mouse with no sign of inflammation. Fibroblastic growth factor 2 infusion resulted in a significantly improved histologic score and muscle viability compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional bioengineered IAS rings can be successfully implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of recipient mice. The addition of fibroblastic growth factor 2 led to improved muscle viability, vascularity, and survival. This approach may become a feasible option for patients with fecal incontinence. PMID: 20105579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| [Stem cell-based therapy in central nervous system diseases]
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | [Stem cell-based therapy in central nervous system diseases] Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2009 Nov-Dec;43(6):550-8 Authors: Paczkowska E, Dabkowska E, Nowacki P, Machaliński B Much of the current research into stem cell biology is focused on its potential for regeneration of various tissues and organs. Stem cell-based therapy with autologous bone marrow stem cells could provide an attractive alternative to the classical therapeutic approach in the foreseeable future. The possibility of nervous tissue regeneration in neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system generates a special challenge for researchers and clinicians involved in that field of medicine. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL SCs), recently discovered in murine bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood, arouse great hope. VSEL SCs display several features typical for embryonic stem cells, such as a large nucleus surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm, euchromatin, and expression of pluripotent markers (Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-4). Application of these cells in regenerative medicine could have considerable advantages over strategies using embryonic stem cel! ls, since ethical concerns might be naturally solved. Thus, these cells can become a recommended source of stem cells for cell therapy as compared to those isolated from developing embryos. PMID: 20054758 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Liposomal gene delivery mediated by tissue-engineered scaffolds.
March 13, 2010 at 6:44 AM
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| | Liposomal gene delivery mediated by tissue-engineered scaffolds. Trends Biotechnol. 2010 Jan;28(1):28-36 Authors: Kulkarni M, Greiser U, O'Brien T, Pandit A In the absence of any ideal gene delivery carrier despite the recent explosion of novel carrier systems, the current trend is to explore the complementary synergy promised by a combination of delivery systems such as liposomes, which are the most widely researched versatile non-viral carriers, and tissue-engineered scaffolds with macrostructures of defined architecture comprised of natural or synthetic macromolecules. Here, we discuss the recent advances in liposomal gene delivery and the possible benefits of a combined liposome-scaffold approach, such as long-term expression, enhanced stability, reduction in toxicity and ability to produce spatio-temporal expression patterns. This approach is generating significant impact in the field as a result of its potential for extended localised gene delivery for applications in a variety of clinical conditions. PMID: 19896228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Lentiviral vector-mediated transgenesis in human embryonic stem cells.
March 13, 2010 at 6:34 AM
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| | Lentiviral vector-mediated transgenesis in human embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;614:127-34 Authors: Du ZW, Zhang SC Human Embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer an invaluable tool for revealing human biology and a potential source of functional cells/tissues for regenerative medicine. The utility of hESCs will likely be significantly enhanced and broadened by our ability to build versatile genetically modified hESC lines. Here, we describe an efficient lentiviral vector mediated method to establish stable transgenic hESCs. PMID: 20225040 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| A protocol describing the genetic correction of somatic human cells and subsequent generation of iPS cells.
March 13, 2010 at 6:34 AM
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| | A protocol describing the genetic correction of somatic human cells and subsequent generation of iPS cells. Nat Protoc. 2010 Apr;5(4):647-60 Authors: Raya A, Rodríguez-Pizà I, Navarro S, Richaud-Patin Y, Guenechea G, Sánchez-Danés A, Consiglio A, Bueren J, Belmonte JC The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers unprecedented opportunities for modeling and treating human disease. In combination with gene therapy, the iPSC technology can be used to generate disease-free progenitor cells of potential interest for autologous cell therapy. We explain a protocol for the reproducible generation of genetically corrected iPSCs starting from the skin biopsies of Fanconi anemia patients using retroviral transduction with OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4. Before reprogramming, the fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes of the patients are genetically corrected with lentiviruses expressing FANCA. The same approach may be used for other diseases susceptible to gene therapy correction. Genetically corrected, characterized lines of patient-specific iPSCs can be obtained in 4-5 months. PMID: 20224565 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Bio-resource of human and animal-derived cell materials.
March 13, 2010 at 6:34 AM
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| | Bio-resource of human and animal-derived cell materials. Exp Anim. 2010;59(1):1-7 Authors: Nakamura Y The Cell Engineering Division of RIKEN BioResource Center is a not-for-profit public "cell bank" that accepts donations and deposits of human and animal cell materials developed by the life science research community. We examine, standardize, amplify, preserve, and provide cell materials to scientists around the world. The major cell materials used around the world have been cultured cell lines, i.e., immortalized cells. Most human cell lines are derived from tumor cells. There is no doubt that the demand for these cell lines will never cease in the field of biology. In addition, stem cell lines such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are of great value in current biology and medical science. Thus, we are extensively collecting such stem cell lines, aiming at contributing to the fields of developmental biology and transplantation/regenerative medicine. In addition, the demand for primary cells has recently increased. To meet this! demand, we have started the banking of primary human cells including somatic stem cells, such as umbilical cord blood cells and cultured mesenchymal cells. The staff of the Cell Engineering Division conduct not only the banking of cell materials, but also research and development relating to cell materials, such as the establishment of novel human and animal-derived cell lines and the development of new technology to utilize cell materials. PMID: 20224164 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Stem cell treatments and multiple sclerosis.
March 13, 2010 at 6:34 AM
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| | Stem cell treatments and multiple sclerosis. BMJ. 2010;340:c1387 Authors: Franklin RJ, Ffrench-Constant C, Neurology PO PMID: 20223864 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| A Novel Concept for Scaffold-Free Vessel Tissue Engineering: Self-Assembly of Microtissue Building Blocks.
March 13, 2010 at 6:34 AM
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| | A Novel Concept for Scaffold-Free Vessel Tissue Engineering: Self-Assembly of Microtissue Building Blocks. J Biotechnol. 2010 Mar 8; Authors: Kelm JM, Lorber V, Snedeker JG, Schmidt D, Broggini-Tenzer A, Weisstanner M, Odermatt B, Mol A, Zünd G, Hoerstrup SP Current scientific attempts to generate in vitro tissue-engineered living blood vessels (TEBV) show substantial limitations, thereby preventing routine clinical use. In the present report, we describe a novel biotechnology concept to create living small diameter TEBV based exclusively on microtissue self-assembly (living cellular re-aggregates). A novel bioreactor was designed to assemble microtissues in a vascular shape and apply pulsatile flow and circumferential mechanical stimulation. Microtissues composed of human artery-derived fibroblasts (HAF) and endothelial cells (HUVEC) were accumulated and cultured for 7 and 14 days under pulsatile flow/mechanical stimulation or static culture conditions with a diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The resulting vessels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell phenotype (von Willebrand factor, alpha-SMA, Ki67, VEGF). Self-assembled microtissues composed of fibroblasts displ! ayed significantly accelerated ECM formation compared to monolayer cell sheets. Accumulation of vessel-like tissue occurred within 14 days under both, static and flow/mechanical stimulation conditions. A layered tissue formation was observed only in the dynamic group, as indicated by luminal aligned alpha-SMA positive fibroblasts. We could demonstrat that self-assembled cell based microtissues can be used to generate small diameter TEBV. The significant enhancement of ECM expression and maturation, together with the pre-vascularization capacity makes this approach highly attractive in terms of generating functional small diameter TEBV devoid of any foreign material. PMID: 20223267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | 
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