7/3 pubmed: adipose stem cell

pubmed: adipose stem cell In vitro organogenesis using multipotent cells. July 2, 2010 at 7:17 AM Related Articles In vitro organogenesis using multipotent cells. Hum Cell. 2010 Feb 1;23(1):1-14 Authors: Kurisaki A, Ito Y, Onuma Y, Intoh A, Asashima M Abstract The establishment of efficient methods for promoting stem cell differentiation into target cells is important not only in regenerative medicine, but also in drug discovery. In addition to embryonic stem (ES) cells and various somatic stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood, a novel dedifferentiation technology that allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been recently developed. Although an increasing number of stem cell populations are being described, there remains a lack of protocols for driving the differentiation of these cells. Regeneration of organs from stem cells in vitro requires precise blueprints for each differentiation step. To date, studies using various model organisms, such as zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, and gene-targeted mice, have uncovered several factors that are critical for the development of organs. We have been using X. laevis, the African clawed frog, which has developmental patterns similar to those seen in humans. Moreover, Xenopus embryos are excellent research tools for the development of differentiation protocols, since they are available in high numbers and are sufficiently large and robust for culturing after simple microsurgery. In addition, Xenopus eggs are fertilized externally, and all stages of the embryo are easily accessible, making it relatively easy to study the functions of individual gene products during organogenesis using microinjection into embryonic cells. In the present review, we provide examples of methods for in vitro organ formation that use undifferentiated Xenopus cells. We also describe the application of amphibian differentiation protocols to mammalian stem cells, so as to facilitate the development of efficient methodologies for in vitro differentiation. PMID: 20590914 [PubMed - in process]   Ochratoxin A inhibits adipogenesis through the ERK-PPAR-gamma pathway in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. July 2, 2010 at 7:17 AM Related Articles Ochratoxin A inhibits adipogenesis through the ERK-PPAR-gamma pathway in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2010 Jun 30; Authors: Lim S, Jang HJ, Kim JK, Kim JM, Park EH, Yang JH, Kim YH, Yea K, Ryu SH, Suh PG Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous fungal metabolite with nephrotoxic, carcinogenic and apoptotic potential. Although the toxic effects of OTA in various cell types are well characterized, it is not known whether OTA has an effect on stem cell differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that OTA inhibits adipogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC), as indicated by decreased accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. Furthermore, OTA significantly reduces the expression of adipocyte-specific markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-alpha), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2). At the molecular level, OTA phosphorylates PPAR-gamma2 through ERK activation and inhibits PPAR-gamma activity. We also found that treatment with the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, significantly blocked the OTA-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. These results indicate that OTA suppresses adipogenesis in an ERK-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest a novel effect of OTA on adipocyte differentiation in hAMSC and the possibility that OTA might affect the differentiation of other types of stem cells. PMID: 20590410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]   This email was sent to agupta1213+termsc@gmail.com.  Account Login Don't want to receive this feed any longer? Unsubscribe here This email was carefully delivered by Feed My Inbox. 230 Franklin Road Suite 814 Franklin, TN 37064