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| Campaign Contributors, iPierian and the California Stem Cell Agency
July 8, 2010 at 5:32 PM
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| Major contributors to the Prop. 71 campaign are pumping more of their own cash into a South San Francisco stem cell firm that has received $1.5 million from the state agency that they helped to create in 2004.
The firm, iPierian, Inc., also has plans to seek additional millions in the near future from the California stem cell agency. The new venture capital funding round announced by the firm | | |
| CIRM Improving Web Site, Easier to Navigate, Better Organized
July 8, 2010 at 9:52 AM
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| The California stem cell agency has made some improvements in its Web site aimed at making it easier to use and more helpful to the public.
One good change deals with the way it presents the information concerning the meetings of the agency, improving the organization and making it more intuitive. The new presentation should be more useful to the public and also save time for CIRM. You can | | |
| Advancement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation (MISOT).
July 8, 2010 at 8:39 AM
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| | Advancement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation (MISOT). Transplantation. 2010 Jul 2; Authors: Hoogduijn MJ, Popp FC, Grohnert A, Crop MJ, van Rhijn M, Rowshani AT, Eggenhofer E, Renner P, Reinders ME, Rabelink TJ, van der Laan LJ, Dor FJ, Ijzermans JN, Genever PG, Lange C, Durrbach A, Houtgraaf JH, Christ B, Seifert M, Shagidulin M, Donckier V, Deans R, Ringden O, Perico N, Remuzzi G, Bartholomew A, Schlitt HJ, Weimar W, Baan CC, Dahlke MH, There is evolving interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in solid organ transplantation. Pre-clinical transplantation models show efficacy of MSC in prolonging graft survival and a number of clinical studies are planned or underway. At a recent meeting of the MISOT consortium (MSC In Solid Organ Transplantation) the advances of these studies were evaluated and mechanisms underlying the potential effects of MSC discussed. Continued discussion is required for definition of safety and eventually efficacy endpoints for MSC therapy in solid organ transplantation. PMID: 20606604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Photochemical crosslinked electrospun collagen nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization and neural stem cell interactions.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Photochemical crosslinked electrospun collagen nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization and neural stem cell interactions. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Jul 6; Authors: Liu T, Teng WK, Chan BP, Chew SY Currently available crosslinking methods for electrospun collagen nanofibers do not preserve the fibrous architecture over prolonged periods of time. In addition, electrospinning of collagen often involves solvents that lead to extensive protein denaturation. In this study, we demonstrate the advantage of acetic acid over 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoroisopropanol (HFP) in preventing collagen denaturation. A novel photochemical crosslinking method using rose bengal as the photoinitiator is also introduced. Using circular dichorism analyses, we demonstrate the fraction of collagen helical structure to be significantly greater in acetic acid-spun fibers than HFP-spun fibers (28.9 +/- 5.9% vs. 12.5 +/- 2.0%, p < 0.05). By introducing 0.1% (w/v) rose bengal into collagen fibers and subjecting these scaffolds to laser irradiation at a wavelength of 514 nm for 100 sec, biodegradable crosslinked scaffolds were obtained. Scaffold degradation as evaluated by soaking crosslinked collagen scaffolds in PBS at 37 degrees C, indicated a mass loss of 47.7 +/- 7.4% and 68.9 +/- 24.7% at day 7 and day 15, respectively. However, these scaffolds retained fibrous architecture for at least 21 days under physiological conditions. Neural stem cell line, C17.2, cultured on crosslinked collagen scaffolds proliferated after 7 days by forming a confluent layer of cells with extensive cellular projections that were indicative of neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these findings support the potential of acetic acid-electrospun photochemical crosslinked collagen nanofibers for neural tissue engineering. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010. PMID: 20607867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Tissue scaffolds for skin wound healing and dermal reconstruction.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Tissue scaffolds for skin wound healing and dermal reconstruction. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2010 Jul 6; Authors: Zhong SP, Zhang YZ, Lim CT One of the major applications of tissue-engineered skin substitutes for wound healing is to promote the healing of cutaneous wounds. In this respect, many important clinical milestones have been reached in the past decades. However, currently available skin substitutes for wound healing often suffer from a range of problems including wound contraction, scar formation, and poor integration with host tissue. Engineering skin substitutes by tissue engineering approach has relied upon the creation of three-dimensional scaffolds as extracellular matrix (ECM) analog to guide cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation to form skin-functional and structural tissue. The three-dimensional scaffolds can not only cover wound and give a physical barrier against external infection as wound dressing, but also can provide support both for dermal fibroblasts and the overlying keratinocytes for skin tissue engineering. A successful tissue scaffold should exhibit appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics and provide an appropriate surface chemistry and nano and microstructures to facilitate cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. A variety of scaffolds have been fabricated based on materials ranging from naturally occurring ones to those manufactured synthetically. This review discusses a variety of commercial or laboratory-engineered skin substitutes for wound healing. Central to the discussion are the scaffolds/materials, fabrication techniques, and their characteristics associated with wound healing. One specifically highlighted emerging fabrication technique is electrospinning that allows the design and fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds that offer tremendous potential applications in wound healing of skin. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. PMID: 20607703 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Reconstruction of Rabbit Critical-Size Calvarial Defect Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheet.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Reconstruction of Rabbit Critical-Size Calvarial Defect Using Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Sheet. Ann Plast Surg. 2010 Jul 2; Authors: Ma D, Ren L, Chen F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xue Z, Mao T The reconstruction of bone defects remains a significant clinical problem. In this study, we constructed cell sheet from bone marrow stromal cells on normal culture plates by a simple method. The cell sheets showed evident mineralized nodules, high alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating their in vitro osteogenic potential. Then its osteogenic capability to heal critical-size rabbit calvarial defect was investigated. Forty adult New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each: (1) empty, (2) demineralized bone matrix (DBM) alone, (3) DBM/cell suspension, and (4) DBM/cell sheet. Specimens were harvested 6 and 12 weeks after implantation, respectively. Radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the new bone formation inside the defect. The results revealed that the defect treated with DBM/cell sheet showed significantly more bone formation than other 3 groups (P < 0.05). Our study indicates that the cell sheet enhances bone regeneration in healing critical-size rabbit calvarial defect, and cell sheet-based engineered bone might be considered as potential substitutes for bone reconstruction. PMID: 20606584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells induced into early hepatic cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells induced into early hepatic cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33(7):1212-7 Authors: Dinarvand P, Hashemi SM, Soleimani M Cellular replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus has received much attention. In this study we investigated the effect of transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) induced into endoderm and early hepatic cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Mouse BM-MSCs were cultured in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-4) for 2 weeks and transplanted into diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, serum insulin, body weight and islets histology were analyzed. The results demonstrated that transplantation of syngeneic induced MSCs could reverse STZ-induced diabetes in mice. The treatment of mice with hyperglycemia and islet destruction resulted in the repair of pancreatic islets. Blood glucose levels, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and serum insulin were significantly recovered in induced BM-MSCs (iBM-MSCs) group. In addition, in the iBM-MSCs group the body weight and the number of islets were significantly increased compared to other groups. The results demonstrate that BM-MSCs induced into endoderm and early hepatic cells are suitable candidates for cell-based therapy of diabetes mellitus. PMID: 20606315 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Activated protein C attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced acute lung injury through the regulation of neutrophil activation.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Activated protein C attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced acute lung injury through the regulation of neutrophil activation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Jul 3; Authors: Yamazaki S, Inamori S, Nakatani T, Suga M OBJECTIVE: Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to induce systemic inflammatory responses that injure multiple organs, especially the lungs. Activated protein C has been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in addition to coagulation. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of activated protein C in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Rats were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of vehicle (control), 0.1 mg/kg diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C, or 0.1 mg/kg activated protein C 10 minutes before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Rats underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for 60 minutes followed by another 60-minute observation. RESULTS: The activated protein C group showed significantly higher mean arterial oxygen pressure and lower mean lung wet-to-dry weight ratio after cardiopulmonary bypass than the control and diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C groups. Furthermore, lung pathology revealed minimal inflammatory change in the activated protein C group. A marked increase in CD11b expression and a decrease in CD62L expression after cardiopulmonary bypass were observed in the control and diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C groups. However, administration of activated protein C significantly attenuated these changes. Lung content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in the activated protein C group tended to be lower than in the other groups. Lung content of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the activated protein C group was significantly lower than in the diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C group. CONCLUSION: Administration of activated protein C before cardiopulmonary bypass attenuates acute lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass at least in part through the inhibition of neutrophil activation and possibly via the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine production in this rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID: 20605027 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Degradation or excretion of quantum dots in mouse embryonic stem cells.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Degradation or excretion of quantum dots in mouse embryonic stem cells. BMC Biotechnol. 2010;10:36 Authors: Pi QM, Zhang WJ, Zhou GD, Liu W, Cao Y BACKGROUND: Quantum dots (QDs) have been considered as a new and efficient probe for labeling cells non-invasively in vitro and in vivo, but fairly little is known about how QDs are eliminated from cells after labeling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the metabolism of QDs in different type of cells. RESULTS: Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were labeled with QD 655. QD-labeling was monitored by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry for 72 hours. Both types of cells were labeled efficiently, but a quick loss of QD-labeling in ESCs was observed within 48 hours, which was not prevented by inhibiting cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscope analysis showed a dramatic decrease of QD number in vesicles of ESCs at 24 hours post-labeling, suggesting that QDs might be degraded. In addition, supernatants collected from labeled ESCs in culture were used to label cells again, indicating that some QDs were excreted from cells. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that the metabolism of QDs in different type of cells is different. QDs were quickly degraded or excreted from ESCs after labeling. PMID: 20444290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Effect of nanoparticulate bioactive glass particles on bioactivity and cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites.
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | Effect of nanoparticulate bioactive glass particles on bioactivity and cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites. J R Soc Interface. 2010 Mar 6;7(44):453-65 Authors: Misra SK, Ansari T, Mohn D, Valappil SP, Brunner TJ, Stark WJ, Roy I, Knowles JC, Sibbons PD, Jones EV, Boccaccini AR, Salih V This work investigated the effect of adding nanoparticulate (29 nm) bioactive glass particles on the bioactivity, degradation and in vitro cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) composites/nano-sized bioactive glass (n-BG). Two different concentrations (10 and 20 wt %) of nanoscale bioactive glass particles of 45S5 Bioglass composition were used to prepare composite films. Several techniques (Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray) were used to monitor their surface and bioreactivity over a 45-day period of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). All results suggested the P(3HB)/n-BG composites to be highly bioactive, confirmed by the formation of hydroxyapatite on material surfaces upon immersion in SBF. The weight loss and water uptake were found to increase on increasing bioactive glass content. Cytocompatibility study (cell proliferation, cell attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production) using human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells in osteogenic and non-osteogenic medium showed that the composite substrates are suitable for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. PMID: 19640877 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| [XPS and Raman spectral analysis of nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C : N) films with different nitrogen content]
July 8, 2010 at 7:58 AM
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| | [XPS and Raman spectral analysis of nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C : N) films with different nitrogen content] Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2009 Jan;29(1):268-72 Authors: Chen WS, Zhu JQ, Han JC, Tian G, Tan ML Nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C : N) films were prepared on the polished C--Si substrates by introducing highly pure nitrogen gas into the cathode region and the depositing chamber synchronously using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technology. The nitrogen content in the films was controlled by changing the flow rate of nitrogen gas. The configuration of ta-C : N films was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and visible Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the nitrogen content in the films increased from 0.84 at% to 5.37 at% monotonously when the nitrogen flow rate was varied from 2 seem to 20 sccm. The peak position of C (1s) core level moved towards higher binding energy with the increase in nitrogen content. The shift of C (1s) peak position could be ascribed to the chemical bonding between carbon and nitrogen atoms even though more three-fold coordinated sp2 configuration as in graphite was formed when the films were doped with more nitrogen atoms. Additionally, the half width of C(1s) peak gradually was also broadened with increasing nitrogen content. In order to discover clearly the changing regularities of the microstructure of the films, the XPS C(1s) spectra and Raman spectra were deconvoluted using a Gaussian-Lorentzian mixed lineshape. It was shown that the tetrahedral hybridization component was still dominant even though the ratio of sp2/sp3 obtained from C(1s) spectra rose with the increase in nitrogen content. The Raman measurements demonstrated that the G peak position shifted towards higher frequency from 1,561 to 1,578 cm(-1) and the ratio of ID/IG also rose with the increase in nitrogen content. Both results indicated that the graphitizing tendency could occur with the increase in nitrogen content in the films. PMID: 19385255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Protein Therapeutics for Cardiac Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | Protein Therapeutics for Cardiac Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Jul 7; Authors: Segers VF, Lee RT Although most medicines have historically been small molecules, many newly approved drugs are derived from proteins. Protein therapies have been developed for treatment of diseases in almost every organ system, including the heart. Great excitement has now arisen in the field of regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction. Every year, millions of people suffer from acute myocardial infarction, but the adult mammalian myocardium has limited regeneration potential. Regeneration of the heart after myocardium infarction is therefore an exciting target for protein therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different classes of proteins that have therapeutic potential to regenerate the heart after myocardial infarction. Protein candidates have been described that induce angiogenesis, including fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors, although thus far clinical development has been disappointing. Chemotactic factors that attract stem cells, e.g., hepatocyte growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1, may also be useful. Finally, neuregulins and periostin are proteins that induce cell-cycle reentry of cardiomyocytes, and growth factors like IGF-1 can induce growth and differentiation of stem cells. As our knowledge of the biology of regenerative processes and the role of specific proteins in these processes increases, the use of proteins as regenerative drugs could develop as a cardiac therapy. PMID: 20607468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Effect of geometrical structure on the biodegradation of a three-dimensionally perforated porous apatite/collagen composite bone cell scaffold.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | Effect of geometrical structure on the biodegradation of a three-dimensionally perforated porous apatite/collagen composite bone cell scaffold. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33(7):1228-32 Authors: Hamada H, Ohshima H, Ito A, Higuchi WI, Otsuka M A Biodegradable artificial bone with inter-connective pores was prepared using a self-setting apatite/collagen composite cement as a cell scaffold for bone regenerative medicine, and investigated as to biocompatibility by X-ray computed tomography (CT) after its implantation into rats. Blocks (APN, APC and ACC) of apatite cement, apatite cement with continuous holes, and apatite/collagen composite cement with continuous holes were prepared. The APC and ACC blocks had 16 (8x2) interconnecting holes 500 microm in diameter. After the APN, APC, and ACC blocks were implanted in the back of the rats, X-ray CT images were measured every week. Before and after implantation, powder X-ray diffraction profiles of APN, APC and ACC showed diffraction patterns of hydroxyapatite with low crystallinity. Changes in the volume, inorganic content and density of the blocks in the rats were evaluated based on X-ray CT images. The volume and inorganic content of ACC decreased continuously at a constant rate. In contrast, the volume and inorganic content of APN and APC didn't show major changes. After implantation, the absorption of X-rays by ACC decreased with time. This suggested that the block was bioabsorbed significantly with time. In contrast, the absorption of APC and APN did not decrease, indicating that the blocks were not bioabsorbed. PMID: 20606318 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells differentiation into a hepatocyte-like phenotype.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | Molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells differentiation into a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Jun 2; Authors: Saulnier N, Piscaglia AC, Puglisi MA, Barba M, Arena V, Pani G, Alfieri S, Gasbarrini A BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) hold great promises in regenerative medicine. In the last decade, several studies have reported the plasticity of ATSCs toward a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the conversion from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype remain poorly understood. AIM: In this study, we compared the full genome expression profiles of ATSCs cultured for 4 weeks under pro-hepatogenic conditions to undifferentiated ATSCs, in order to depict the molecular events involved in ATSC hepatic transdifferentiation. METHODS: Analysis was performed using the Affymetrix human focus arrays. Sets of differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized in order to understand which pathways drive the hepatic conversion and interesting targets were validated by Q-PCR. RESULTS: ATSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells activate several genes associated with specific liver functions, including protein metabolism, innate immune response regulation, and biodegradation of toxic compounds. Furthermore, microarray analysis highlighted downregulation of transcripts associated with the mesenchymal lineage, while epithelial-related genes were overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the in vitro system used in this study drove ATSCs toward a hepatic conversion through a subtle regulation of molecular pathways controlling lineage commitment that promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. PMID: 20605541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| Activated protein C attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced acute lung injury through the regulation of neutrophil activation.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | Activated protein C attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced acute lung injury through the regulation of neutrophil activation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Jul 3; Authors: Yamazaki S, Inamori S, Nakatani T, Suga M OBJECTIVE: Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to induce systemic inflammatory responses that injure multiple organs, especially the lungs. Activated protein C has been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in addition to coagulation. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of activated protein C in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Rats were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of vehicle (control), 0.1 mg/kg diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C, or 0.1 mg/kg activated protein C 10 minutes before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Rats underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for 60 minutes followed by another 60-minute observation. RESULTS: The activated protein C group showed significantly higher mean arterial oxygen pressure and lower mean lung wet-to-dry weight ratio after cardiopulmonary bypass than the control and diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C groups. Furthermore, lung pathology revealed minimal inflammatory change in the activated protein C group. A marked increase in CD11b expression and a decrease in CD62L expression after cardiopulmonary bypass were observed in the control and diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C groups. However, administration of activated protein C significantly attenuated these changes. Lung content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in the activated protein C group tended to be lower than in the other groups. Lung content of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the activated protein C group was significantly lower than in the diisopropyl fluorophosphate-activated protein C group. CONCLUSION: Administration of activated protein C before cardiopulmonary bypass attenuates acute lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass at least in part through the inhibition of neutrophil activation and possibly via the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine production in this rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID: 20605027 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | |
| A case of tongue carcinoma associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | A case of tongue carcinoma associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Aust Dent J. 2010 Jun;55(2):200-2 Authors: Noguchi K, Nakase M, Inui M, Nakamura S, Okumura K, Tagawa T Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can occur at various sites, including the oral mucosa, where it is associated with a high risk of head and neck cancer. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with tongue cancer that developed following Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic GVHD, and we discuss the possible causes of cancer development. PMID: 20604764 [PubMed - in process] | | |
| Potential role of stem cells in management of COPD.
July 8, 2010 at 7:25 AM
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| | Potential role of stem cells in management of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2010;5:81-8 Authors: Hackett TL, Knight DA, Sin DD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide epidemic affecting over 200 million people and accounting for more than three million deaths annually. The disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma, a process that in most cases is initiated by cigarette smoking. Unfortunately, there are no interventions that have been unequivocally shown to prolong survival in patients with COPD. Regeneration of lung tissue by stem cells from endogenous and exogenous sources is a promising therapeutic strategy. Herein we review the current literature on the characterization of resident stem and progenitor cell niches within the lung, the contribution of mesenchymal stem cells to lung regeneration, and advances in bioengineering of lung tissue. PMID: 20463889 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | |
| Molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells differentiation into a hepatocyte-like phenotype.
July 8, 2010 at 6:38 AM
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| | Molecular mechanisms underlying human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells differentiation into a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Jun 2; Authors: Saulnier N, Piscaglia AC, Puglisi MA, Barba M, Arena V, Pani G, Alfieri S, Gasbarrini A BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) hold great promises in regenerative medicine. In the last decade, several studies have reported the plasticity of ATSCs toward a hepatocyte-like phenotype. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the conversion from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype remain poorly understood. AIM: In this study, we compared the full genome expression profiles of ATSCs cultured for 4 weeks under pro-hepatogenic conditions to undifferentiated ATSCs, in order to depict the molecular events involved in ATSC hepatic transdifferentiation. METHODS: Analysis was performed using the Affymetrix human focus arrays. Sets of differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized in order to understand which pathways drive the hepatic conversion and interesting targets were validated by Q-PCR. RESULTS: ATSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells activate several genes associated with specific liver functions, including protein metabolism, innate immune response regulation, and biodegradation of toxic compounds. Furthermore, microarray analysis highlighted downregulation of transcripts associated with the mesenchymal lineage, while epithelial-related genes were overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the in vitro system used in this study drove ATSCs toward a hepatic conversion through a subtle regulation of molecular pathways controlling lineage commitment that promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. PMID: 20605541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | 
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