|  |  |  | | | | | TE-RegenMed-StemCell feed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sacral neuromodulations for female lower urinary tract, pelvic floor, and bowel disorders. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Aug 18; Authors: Wehbe SA, Whitmore K, Ho MH PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been investigated for the treatment of various types of lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunctions. This review discusses recently published data related to the therapeutic applications of SNM in female lower urinary tract, pelvic floor, and bowel disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: SNM has been employed initially in the treatment of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder, urge urinary incontinence, and chronic nonobstructive urinary retention. Since then, several studies, including randomized and controlled trials, have confirmed the therapeutic effects of SNM in these disorders. The applications of SNM are now extended to the treatment of other female pelvic problems, such as fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, sexual dysfunction, and neurogenic disorders, with similar promising results. SUMMARY: SNM is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder, urge urinary incontinence, and chronic nonobstructive urinary retention. SNM is not yet an approved method for the treatment of other pelvic disorders, but data supporting its benefit are emerging. The major advantage of SNM lies in its potential to treat the bladder, urethral sphincter, anal sphincters, and pelvic floor muscles simultaneously, which might result in better therapeutic effects. PMID: 20724927 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol. 2010 Aug 17; Authors: Chaloupka K, Malam Y, Seifalian AM Nanosilver (NS), comprising silver nanoparticles, is attracting interest for a range of biomedical applications owing to its potent antibacterial activity. It has recently been demonstrated that NS has useful anti-inflammatory effects and improves wound healing, which could be exploited in developing better dressings for wounds and burns. The key to its broad-acting and potent antibacterial activity is the multifaceted mechanism by which NS acts on microbes. This is utilized in antibacterial coatings on medical devices to reduce nosocomial infection rates. Many new synthesis methods have emerged and are being evaluated for NS production for medical applications. NS toxicity is also critically discussed to reflect on potential concerns before widespread application in the medical field. PMID: 20724010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Visual Enhancement of Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy With 3-Charge Coupled Device Camera: Assessing Intraoperative Tissue Perfusion and Vascular Anatomy by Visible Hemoglobin Spectral Response. J Urol. 2010 Aug 17; Authors: Crane NJ, Gillern SM, Tajkarimi K, Levin IW, Pinto PA, Elster EA PURPOSE: We report the novel use of 3-charge coupled device camera technology to infer tissue oxygenation. The technique can aid surgeons to reliably differentiate vascular structures and noninvasively assess laparoscopic intraoperative changes in renal tissue perfusion during and after warm ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed select digital video images from 10 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies for their individual 3-charge coupled device response. We enhanced surgical images by subtracting the red charge coupled device response from the blue response and overlaying the calculated image on the original image. Mean intensity values for regions of interest were compared and used to differentiate arterial and venous vasculature, and ischemic and nonischemic renal parenchyma. RESULTS: The 3-charge coupled device enhanced images clearly delineated the vessels in all cases. Arteries were indicated by an intense red color while veins were shown in blue. Differences in mean regions of interest intensity values for arteries and veins were statistically significant (p >0.0001). Three-charge coupled device analysis of pre-clamp and post-clamp renal images revealed visible, dramatic color enhancement for ischemic vs nonischemic kidneys. Differences in the mean regions of interest intensity values were also significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We present a simple use of conventional 3-charge coupled device camera technology in a way that may provide urological surgeons with the ability to reliably distinguish vascular structures during hilar dissection, and detect and monitor changes in renal tissue perfusion during and after warm ischemia. PMID: 20723937 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Vitamin D(3) metabolites induce osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp and human dental follicle cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Aug 16; Authors: Khanna-Jain R, Vuorinen A, Sándor GK, Suuronen R, Miettinen S Vitamin D(3) metabolites regulate the bone metabolism and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is known to play an important role in teeth mineralization. However, little is known about the potential of vitamin D as an osteogenic inducer in human dental pulp (hDPCs) and dental follicle cells (hDFCs) in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the effects of vitamin D(3) metabolites 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)) [10] G.E. Wise, S. Frazier-Bowers and R.N. D'Souza, Cellular, molecular, and genetic determinants of tooth eruption, Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med. 13 (2002), pp. 323-334. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (55on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs and hDFCs in vitro. We also examined whether vitamin D(3) metabolic enzymes were regulated in hDFCs and hDPCs. Cell proliferation was decreased by both metabolites in hDPCs and hDFCs. Vitamin D(3) metabolites increased ALP activity and induced mineralization when osteogenic supplements (OS; L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate+beta- glycerophosphate) were added, though the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) were regulated without the addition of OS. CYP24 and CYP27B1 expressions were upregulated by vitamin D(3) metabolites and 25OHD(3) was converted into 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the culture medium. These results confirm that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (10nM, 100nM) and 25OHD(3) (500nM) can be used as osteogenic inducers synergistically with osteogenic supplements for differentiation of hDPCs and hDFCs. Furthermore, our findings strengthen our knowledge about the role of hDPCs and hDFCs as vitamin D(3) target cells. PMID: 20723601 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Strengthen researches on translational medicine and regenerative medicine in burns.] Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2010 Jun;26(3):167-9 Authors: Huang YS Translational medicine and regenerative medicine are presently the hottest areas in medical research. Translational medicine is regarded as a two-way model of medical research, i.e. bench to bedside and bedside to bench. The purpose of translational research is to test novel therapeutic strategies developed through experimentation in human beings, and to facilitate the transformation of findings resulting from basic research to clinical practice. Regenerative medicine is to search for effective biotherapy methods to promote self repair and regeneration; or to construct new tissues and organs to improve or restore the function of the injured tissues and organs. To strengthen researches on translational medicine and regenerative medicine in burns may promote the application of new clinical therapeutic strategies, and supply effective therapeutic measures for treatment of severe burns. PMID: 20723416 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Erythropoietin gene-modified conditioned medium of human mesenchymal cells promotes hematopoietic development from human embryonic stem cells.] Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Jul;18(4):976-80 Authors: Yang C, Ji L, Yue W, Wang RY, Li YH, Xi JF, Xie XY, He LJ, Nan X, Pei XT The study was aimed to investigate the effect of deriving hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by the erythropoietin gene-modified conditioned medium of human mesenchymal cells. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) steadily expressing EPO were established by lentiviral system. The expression of exogenous EPO was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. After suspension culture, hESCs developed into embryonic bodies (EBs). Then the EB cells were cultured in conditional medium. The hESCs-derived hematopoietic cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence, CFU assay and RT-PCR. The results indicated that the exogenous EPO successfully expressed in the EPO transfected MSCs (EPO/MSCs). The supernatant from EPO/MSCs increased CD34(+) cell population and the expression of globin, and enhanced colony forming unit incidence. These effects were obviously higher than that of control. It is concluded that the EPO gene-modified conditioned medium of human mesenchymal cells can induce the hESCs to differentiate into hematopoietic cells. PMID: 20723312 [PubMed - in process] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A Quality Risk Management Model Approach for Cell Therapy Manufacturing. Risk Anal. 2010 Aug 17; Authors: Lopez F, Bartolo CD, Piazza T, Passannanti A, Gerlach JC, Gridelli B, Triolo F International regulatory authorities view risk management as an essential production need for the development of innovative, somatic cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The available risk management guidelines, however, provide little guidance on specific risk analysis approaches and procedures applicable in clinical cell therapy manufacturing. This raises a number of problems. Cell manufacturing is a poorly automated process, prone to operator-introduced variations, and affected by heterogeneity of the processed organs/tissues and lot-dependent variability of reagent (e.g., collagenase) efficiency. In this study, the principal challenges faced in a cell-based product manufacturing context (i.e., high dependence on human intervention and absence of reference standards for acceptable risk levels) are identified and addressed, and a risk management model approach applicable to manufacturing of cells for clinical use is described for the first time. The use of the heuristic and pseudo-quantitative failure mode and effect analysis/failure mode and critical effect analysis risk analysis technique associated with direct estimation of severity, occurrence, and detection is, in this specific context, as effective as, but more efficient than, the analytic hierarchy process. Moreover, a severity/occurrence matrix and Pareto analysis can be successfully adopted to identify priority failure modes on which to act to mitigate risks. The application of this approach to clinical cell therapy manufacturing in regenerative medicine is also discussed. PMID: 20723148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Unravelling the development of the visual cortex: implications for plasticity and repair. J Anat. 2010 Aug 16; Authors: Bourne JA Abstract The visual cortex comprises over 50 areas in the human, each with a specified role and distinct physiology, connectivity and cellular morphology. How these individual areas emerge during development still remains something of a mystery and, although much attention has been paid to the initial stages of the development of the visual cortex, especially its lamination, very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the arealization and functional organization of this region of the brain. In recent years we have started to discover that it is the interplay of intrinsic (molecular) and extrinsic (afferent connections) cues that are responsible for the maturation of individual areas, and that there is a spatiotemporal sequence in the maturation of the primary visual cortex (striate cortex, V1) and the multiple extrastriate/association areas. Studies in both humans and non-human primates have started to highlight the specific neural underpinnings responsible for the maturation of the visual cortex, and how experience-dependent plasticity and perturbations to the visual system can impact upon its normal development. Furthermore, damage to specific nuclei of the visual cortex, such as the primary visual cortex (V1), is a common occurrence as a result of a stroke, neurotrauma, disease or hypoxia in both neonates and adults alike. However, the consequences of a focal injury differ between the immature and adult brain, with the immature brain demonstrating a higher level of functional resilience. With better techniques for examining specific molecular and connectional changes, we are now starting to uncover the mechanisms responsible for the increased neural plasticity that leads to significant recovery following injury during this early phase of life. Further advances in our understanding of postnatal development/maturation and plasticity observed during early life could offer new strategies to improve outcomes by recapitulating aspects of the developmental program in the adult brain. PMID: 20722872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In vitro evaluation of polyester-based scaffolds seeded with adipose derived stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Aug 19; Authors: Tse KH, Sun M, Mantovani C, Terenghi G, Downes S, Kingham PJ To overcome the disadvantages of autografts for peripheral nerve repair, different methods such as artificial nerve conduits have been investigated for an alternative approach. This study demonstrated that solvent casting is a simple but efficient method to create thin polyester-based scaffolds for stem cell delivery. Using poly (epsilon-caprolactone) and poly (D,L-lactic acid), we produced scaffold films containing heterogenous depressions (pits) on the air surface with a size ranging from 0.5 to 30 mum(2). These scaffolds were moderately hydrophobic; however, they supported the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) into a Schwann cell-like phenotype. The differentiated ADSC (dADSC) expressed S100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein and readily adhered to the films and proliferated at a similar rate to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene. Cells were also positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Furthermore, dADSC retained functional activity and significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia neurons. This study suggests polymer scaffolds combined with dADSCs could be a promising therapy for peripheral nerve injuries. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010. PMID: 20725987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of stimulated angiogenesis in transplantation of multipotent stem cells derived from the adipose tissue in patients with chronic ischemia of the extremities] Klin Khir. 2010 May;(5):40-3 Authors: Poliachenko IuV, Driuk MF, Dombrovs'kyÄ DB The cellular technologies application with the objective for the processes of angiogenesis stimulation, in the ischemia conditions, constitutes an actual task for modern stage of a science development, the discovery of a new sources of cells-stimulants for neoangiogenesis is in a progress. The investigation was performed with an objective of studying of histological and immunohistochemical changes in muscular tissue, occurring after autotransplantation of multipotent stromal cells from adipose tissue of the patients, suffering the extremity ischemia. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations (detection of antibodies expression towards Villebrand factor, collagen type IV and vimentin) of processes, occurring in muscular tissue after introduction of multipotent stromal cells from adipose tissue of this patient, were conducted. The reduction of myofibrils ischemic affection and rapid activation of the muscle regenerative potential were shown. There was established a vivid stimulation of the angiogenesis processes during already first month after cellular transplantation performance. PMID: 20623978 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Injectable gellan gum hydrogels with autologous cells for the treatment of rabbit articular cartilage defects. J Orthop Res. 2010 Sep;28(9):1193-9 Authors: Oliveira JT, Gardel LS, Rada T, Martins L, Gomes ME, Reis RL In this work, the ability of gellan gum hydrogels coupled with autologous cells to regenerate rabbit full-thickness articular cartilage defects was tested. Five study groups were defined: (a) gellan gum with encapsulated chondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC + GF); (b) gellan gum with encapsulated nonchondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC); (c) gellan gum with encapsulated rabbit articular chondrocytes (AC) (standard control); (d) gellan gum alone (control); (e) empty defect (control). Full-thickness articular cartilage defects were created and the gellan gum constructs were injected and left for 8 weeks. The macroscopic aspect of the explants showed a progressive increase of similarity with the lateral native cartilage, stable integration at the defect site, more pronouncedly in the cell-loaded constructs. Tissue scoring showed that ASC + GF exhibited the best results regarding tissue quality progression. Alcian blue retrieved similar results with a better outcome for the cell-loaded constructs. Regarding real-time PCR analyses, ASC + GF had the best progression with an upregulation of collagen type II and aggrecan, and a downregulation of collagen type I. Gellan gum hydrogels combined with autologous cells constitute a promising approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects, and adipose derived cells may constitute a valid alternative to currently used articular chondrocytes. PMID: 20187118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | | | | | | | | | |  | |  | |  |
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