| Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells Secretome: Soluble Factors and Their Roles in Regenerative Medicine.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells Secretome: Soluble Factors and Their Roles in Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Salgado AJ, Reis RL, Sousa N, Gimble JM Stem cells have been long looked at as possible therapeutic vehicles for different health related problems. Among the different existing stem cell populations, Adipose- derived Stem Cells (ASCs) have been gathering attention in the last 10 years. When compared to other stem cells populations and sources, ASCs can be easily isolated while providing simultaneously higher yields upon the processing of adipose tissue. Similar to other stem cell populations, it was initially thought that the main potential of ASCs for regenerative medicine approaches was intimately related to their differentiation capability. Although this is true, there has been an increasing body of literature describing the trophic effects of ASCs on the protection, survival and differentiation of variety of endogenous cells/tissues. Moreover, they have also shown to possess an immunomodulatory character. This effect is closely related to the ASCs' secretome and the soluble factors found within it. Molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factors, interleukins (ILs) 6, 7, 8 and 11, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), adipokines and others have been identified within the ASCs' secretome. Due to its importance regarding future applications for the field of regenerative medicine, we aim, in the present review, to make a comprehensive analysis of the literature relating to the ASCs' secretome and its relevance to the immune and central nervous system, vascularization and cardiac regeneration. The concluding section will highlight some of the major challenges that remain before ASCs can be used for future clinical applications. PMID: 19941460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Adipose Tissue Regeneration.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Adipose Tissue Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Brayfield CA, Marra KG, Rubin JP The repair of soft tissue defects, particularly after trauma and oncologic surgery, represents a major clinical challenge. While current reconstructive procedures can move soft tissue from other areas of the body, there remains an unmet need for new modalities that are less invasive and more precise. Adipose tissue is the key component necessary for soft tissue reconstruction. This review will discuss the discovery and potential of adult stem therapies in the regeneration of adipose tissue. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), are being examined as cell delivery systems for soft tissue reconstruction. In addition to a further understanding of the biology of ASCs, appropriate biomaterials (e.g., cell delivery vehicles), rapid expansion of stem cells using bioreactors, and suitable animal models for adipose tissue engineering are needed for successful stem cell therapies, and will be discussed in this review. Clinical studies with ASCs are being conducted in Europe and Asia and will be described. PMID: 19941458 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Cartilage Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Cartilage Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Ogawa R, Mizuno S The first tissue engineering product, autologous chondrocytes implantation or transplantation (ACI or ACT), has been available for over a decade. Recently, adult tissue-derived stem cells have received great interest for their ability to promote tissue regeneration. To date, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been evaluated for new surgical procedures to reconstruct damaged and defective tissue, because they are easiest to harvest due to the large number of stem cells compared to other stem cell sources. However, there are issues in using ASCs for cartilage repair. Thus, we need more information regarding optimal culture conditions and methods to promote chondrogenic lineages of stem cells. The necessary information includes necessary differentiation factors, cell scaffolds, and cell culture conditions. We reviewed the methodology for manufacturing cell constructs using ASCs for clinical applications. PMID: 19941456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| The Potential for Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Disorders with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | The Potential for Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Disorders with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Mizuno H Stem cell based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offer a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of diseases. This review focuses on skeletal muscle regeneration and repair by adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with particular attention to their potential use as a therapy for disorders such as degenerative muscle diseases or skeletal muscle injuries. ASCs can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells in vitro either in co-culture with skeletal myoblasts, or when cultured in medium supplemented with horse serum and/or under reduced serum conditions. In particular, spontaneous fusion of ASCs and subsequent myotube-like formation was observed in early culture passages at high cell density. ASCs have also shown a capacity for myogenic differentiation in vivo. In a murine muscular dystrophy model, ASCs were able to restore muscle function following direct injection into the affected muscle as well as following intravenous systemic administration. Of great importance is the finding that allogeneic ASCs injected into the damaged muscle were not rejected, even without immunosuppressive therapy. Because human adipose tissue is ubiquitous and easily obtainable in large quantities under local anesthesia with little patient discomfort, it presents an appealing source of stem cells for mesenchymal tissue regeneration and engineering. PMID: 19941455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Adipose Stem Cells and Skin Repair.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Adipose Stem Cells and Skin Repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Jeong JH With the discovery of adipose stem cells (ASCs), 40 years after the identification of bone marrow stem cells, a new era of active stem cell therapy has opened. The abundance of stem cells harvested from adipose tissue enables us to instantly apply primary cells without culture expansion. ASCs are already clinically applied in many other purposes such as cell-enriched lipotransfer, wound healing, skin rejuvenation, scar remodeling and skin tissue engineering. Although cellular mechanism of ASCs is not completely understood, recent researches have disclosed some of their unique functions as mesenchymal stem cells. There have been increasing numbers of scientific reports on the therapeutic effect of ASCs on skin repair, scar remodeling and rejuvenation. Wound healing and scar remodeling are complex, multi-cellular processes that involve coordinated efforts of many cell types and various cytokines. Recent reports showed ASCs as a powerful source of skin regeneration because of their capability to provide not only cellular elements, but also numerous cytokines. Currently, other attractive functions of ASCs in the recovery of extrinsic aging and radiation damage are under active investigation. It seems that autologous ASCs have great promise for applications in repair of skin, rejuvenation of aging skin and aging-related skin lesions. This review will focus on the specific roles of ASCs in skin tissue, especially related with wound healing, radiation injury, scar remodeling, skin rejuvenation and skin engineering. PMID: 19941454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Aesthetic Cardiology: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Myocardial Repair.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Aesthetic Cardiology: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Myocardial Repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Palpant NJ, Metzger JM Stem cell biology has increasingly gained scientific and public interest in recent years. In particular, the use of stem cells for treatment of heart disease has been strongly pursued within the scientific and medical communities. Significant effort has gone into the use of adult tissue-derived stem cells for cardiac repair including bone marrow, blood, and cardiac-derived cell populations. Significant interest in this area has been balanced by the difficulties of understanding stem cells, cardiac injury, and the amalgamation of these areas of investigation in translational medicine. Recent studies have emerged on adipose-derived stem cells which show the potential for cardiac lineage development in vitro and may have application in cell-mediated in vivo therapy for the diseased heart. This review provides a summary of current findings within the field of adipose-derived stem cell biology regarding their cardiac differentiation potential. PMID: 19941452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Perspectives on Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells as Potential Treatment for Scarred Vocal Folds: Opportunity and Challenges.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Perspectives on Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells as Potential Treatment for Scarred Vocal Folds: Opportunity and Challenges. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Kumai Y, Kobler JB, Herrera VL, Zeitels SM Regenerative therapy using stem cells for the treatment of vocal fold wound healing and fibrosis is a very active area of research in Otolaryngology. Although modern phonosurgical methods can deal with many types of vocal fold pathology, vocal fold scar remains a clinical challenge. Trauma (e.g. vocal abuse, phonosurgery) and inflammation (e.g. laryngitis) are the two main causes of the vocal fold scarring. Several recent reviews detail the problem of vocal fold scarring and the array of possible solutions under investigation. The search for solutions includes autologous tissues, biomaterial implants, growth factors, anti-fibrotic agents and stem cells. This review focuses on emerging research on stem cells for vocal fold regeneration and our own studies of interactions between adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and vocal fold fibroblasts using an in vitro model. While clearly an opportunity, the challenging approach of treating vocal scarring using ASCs has just started. For future in vivo studies, improvements in cell viability and markers of stem-cell differentiation into normal fibroblasts are needed. The roles of stem cell-derived cytokines in paracrine signaling need to be further explored at a cellular level in vitro, and then extended to in vivo experiments. PMID: 19941448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells for Regeneration and Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells for Regeneration and Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: Kim SC, Han DJ, Lee JY Stem cells are considered an ideal tool for the supply of insulin-producing cells or repairing damaged pancreatic tissues to treat diabetes mellitus, with the possibility of unlimited sources. This cell population includes embryonic, adult bone marrow, pancreatic stem cells, extra pancreatic (such as hepatic cells) and adipose-derived stem cells. Multipotent adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are abundant in the human body, and thus are an ideal donor source for autologous transplantation to generate insulin-producing cells. Moreover these cells are better sources than bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) for clinical applications, owing to minimal invasive procedures, high proliferation and multi-differentiation potential. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) may thus provide an alternative stem cell source, replacing BM-MSCs or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for future clinical use in diabetes mellitus treatment. PMID: 19941446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
| Cornea and Ocular Surface Treatment.
November 28, 2009 at 9:29 am
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| | Cornea and Ocular Surface Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Nov 26; Authors: De Miguel MP, Alio JL, Arnalich-Montiel F, Fuentes-Julian S, de Benito-Llopis L, Amparo F, Bataille L In addition to being a protective shield, the cornea represents two thirds of the eye's refractive power. Corneal pathology can affect one or all of the corneal layers, producing corneal opacity. Although full corneal thickness keratoplasty has been the standard procedure, the ideal strategy would be to replace only the damaged layer. Current difficulties in corneal transplantation, mainly immune rejection and shortage of organ supply, place more emphasis on the development of artificial corneas. Bioengineered corneas range from prosthetic devices that solely address the replacement of the corneal function, to tissue-engineered hydrogels that allow regeneration of the tissue. Recently, major advances in the biology of corneal stem cells have been achieved. However, the therapeutic use of these stem cell types has the disadvantage of needing an intact stem cell compartment, which is usually damaged. In addition, long ex vivo culture is needed to generate enough cell numbers for transplantation. In the near future, combination of advanced biomaterials with cells from abundant outer sources will allow advances in the field. For the former, magnetically aligned collagen is one of the most promising ones. For the latter, different cell types will be optimal: 1) for epithelial replacement: oral mucosal epithelium, ear epidermis, or bone marrow- mesenchymal stem cells, 2) for stromal regeneration: adipose-derived stem cells and 3) for endothelial replacement, the possibility of in vitro directed differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells towards endothelial cells provides an exciting new approach. PMID: 19941445 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | | | 
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